STRAITS IN INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATIONPDF电子书下载

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CHAPTER Ⅰ ISSUES STATED 3

12-Mile Territorial Sea Claim 3

Passage of Warships and Aircraft 5

Safety of Navigation and Prevention of Pollution 6

Innocent Passage 8

The Straits Problem and Third UNCLOS 9

CHAPTER Ⅱ CONCEPT OF STRAITS UNDER TRADITIONAL INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ICNT 11

Geographic Straits 11

Straits Used for Inteational Navigation 12

CRITERIA 13

Natural Water-way 13

Geographical Connection 14

Utility 19

Breadth 22

CHAPTER Ⅲ TRADITIONAL LEGAL REGIME OF STRAITS AND RIGHT OF INNOCENT PASSAGE 29

AUTONOMOUS REGIME OF STRAITS 29

POSITION OF STRAITS UNDER TRADITIONAL INTERNATIONAL LAW 31

Position under the Corfu Channel Case （Merits） 31

Position under the 1958 Geneva Convention 35

INNOCENT PASSAGE 38

Breach of Laws or Regulations：Is Passage Still Innocent？ 40

Warships 41

Burden of Proof and Subjective Approach to Interpretation of ‘Innocent Passage’ 46

CONCLUSION 47

CHAPTER Ⅳ LESSONS FROM THE CONTROVERSIES OVER SOME STRAITS IN EAST ASIA 49

THE STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE 49

Introduction 49

Geographical Structure 54

The Controversy 55

VIEWPOINTS 55

Position of Indonesia， Malaysia and Singapore 55

BACKGROUND TO THE ‘JOINT STATEMENT’ ON 16 NOVEMBER 1971 56

Position of Thailand 66

Responses from Some User States 67

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS 68

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 69

JAPAN 71

CHINA 71

JURIDICAL AND OTHER LEGAL ISSUES 72

12-Mile Territorial Sea Claim 72

Are the Straits of Malacca and Singapore ‘International Straits’？ 75

Safety of Navigation and Prevention of Pollution 77

THE TRIPARTITE RECOMMENDATIONS 82

IMCO RESOLUTION 89

Validity of the Rules and Regulations under the IMCO Resolution in International Law 91

Supervision and Enforcement 93

CONCLUSION 94

SIBUTU PASSAGE AND BALABAC STRAIT 96

SOME LESSONS 97

CHAPTER Ⅴ PREPARATORY YEARS BEFORE THIRD UNCLOS 99

BACKGROUND 99

PROPOSALS FROM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND SOVIET UNION 102

New Approach - Transit Passage 103

DRAFT ARTICLES 103

United States of America： Draft Articles on the Breadth of the Territorial Sea， Straits and Fisheries 103

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics： Draft Articles on Straits Used for International Navigation 107

Response to Proposals 109

PROPOSALS FROM SOME DEVELOPING STRAITS STATES 111

Prologue 111

Traditional Approach - Innocent Passage 115

DRAFT ARTICLES 115

Cyprus， Greece， Indonesia， Malaysia， Morocco，Philippines， Spain and Yemen： Draft Articles on Navigation through the Territorial Sea，including Straits Used for International Navigation 115

Fiji： Draft Articles Relating to Passage through the Territorial Sea 120

Malta： Preliminarv Draft Articles on the Delimitation of Coastal State Jurisdiction in Ocean Space and on the Rights and Obligations of Coastal States tn the Area under their Jurisdiction 122

China： Working Paper on Sea Area within the Limits of National Jurisdiction 125

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 125

CHAPTER Ⅵ DAWN OF A DUAL REGIME 129

THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA： THE CARACAS SESSION 129

The Second Committee： Straits Proposals and Debate 129

STRAITS PROPOSALS 131

United Kingdom Proposal 131

STRAITS REGIME FOR TRANSIT PASSAGE 131

STRAITS REGIME FOR INNOCENT PASSAGE 132

Socialist States Proposal 134

Oman Proposal 136

THE STRAITS DEBATE 138

AFTER CARACAS 143

Dual Regime： Prefatory Remarks 143

Informal Suggested Amendments to the Regime of Transit Passage 145

SPANISH PROPOSAL 145

MOROCCAN PROPOSAL 147

Straits： the ICNT 149

STRAITS REGIME FOR TRANSIT PASSAGE 149

Transit Passage 151

Right of Transit Passage： Ships and Aircraft 153

Duties of Ships and Aircraft during Passage 155

Rights and Duties of States Bordering Straits 157

Article 233： Safeguards with Respect to Straits 158

THREATENING MANOR DAMAGE TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 159

APPROPRIATE ENFORCEMENT MEASURES 161

STRAITS REGIME FOR INNOCENT PASSAGE 163

Innocent Passage 164

Duties of Ships during Passage 165

Rights and Duties of Coastal States 166

Warships and Ships with Special Characteristics 167

TRANSIT PASSAGE REGIME v.INNOCENT PASSAGE REGIME 167

SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 170

CONCLUSION 171

APPENDICES 173

APPENDIX A REPORT OF THE SENIOR OFFICIALS MEETING ON SAFETY OF NAVIGATION IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE 173

APPENDIX B NAVIGATION THROUGH THE STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE，IMCO RESOLUTION A.375（X） 185

APPENDIX C INFORMAL COMPOSITE NEGOTIATING TEXT/REVISION 1， 1979： PART Ⅲ. STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION （ARTICLES 34-45） 195

Straits Used for International Navigation：Comparative Table of Articles 196

APPENDIX D INFORMAL COMPOSITE NEGOTIATING TEXT/REVISION 1， 1979： PART Ⅱ. TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE （ARTICLES 17-32） 203

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 211

SUBJECT INDEX 220

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