计算机组织与结构 性能设计 英文版PDF电子书下载

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Chapter 0 Reader’s and Instructor’s Guide 23

0.1 Outline of the Book 24

0.2 A Roadmap for Readers and Instructors 24

0.3 Why Study Computer Organization and Architecture？ 25

0.4 Internet and Web Resources 27

PART ONE OVERVIEW 28

Chapter 1 Introduction 28

1.1 Organization and Architecture 29

1.2 Structure and Function 30

1.3 Key Terms and Review Questions 36

Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance 37

2.1 A Brief History of Computers 38

2.2 Designing for Performance 59

2.3 Multicore， MICs， and GPGPUs 65

2.4 The Evolution of the Intel x86 Architecture 66

2.5 Embedded Systems and the ARM 67

2.6 Performance Assessment 71

2.7 Recommended Reading 81

2.8 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 82

PART TWO THE COMPUTER SYSTEM 87

Chapter 3 A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection 87

3.1 Computer Components 88

3.2 Computer Function 90

3.3 Interconnection Structures 106

3.4 Bus Interconnection 107

3.5 Point-to-Point Interconnect 115

3.6 PCI Express 120

3.7 Recommended Reading 130

3.8 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 130

Chapter 4 Cache Memory 134

4.1 Computer Memory System Overview 135

4.2 Cache Memory Principles 142

4.3 Elements of Cache Design 145

4.4 Pentium 4 Cache Organization 163

4.5 ARM Cache Organization 166

4.6 Recommended Reading 168

4.7 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 169

Appendix 4A Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memories 174

Chapter 5 Internal Memory 181

5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory 182

5.2 Error Correction 192

5.3 Advanced DRAM Organization 196

5.4 Recommended Reading 202

5.5 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 203

Chapter 6 External Memory 207

6.1 Magnetic Disk 208

6.2 RAID 217

6.3 Solid State Drives 227

6.4 Optical Memory 232

6.5 Magnetic Tape 237

6.6 Recommended Reading 239

6.7 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 240

Chapter 7 Input/Output 243

7.1 External Devices 245

7.2 I/O Modules 248

7.3 Programmed I/O 250

7.4 Interrupt-Driven I/O 254

7.5 Direct Memory Access 262

7.6 I/O Channels and Processors 268

7.7 The External Interface： Thunderbolt and Infiniband 270

7.8 IBM zEnterprise 196 I/O Structure 278

7.9 Recommended Reading 282

7.10 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 282

Chapter 8 Operating System Support 287

8.1 Operating System Overview 288

8.2 Scheduling 299

8.3 Memory Management 305

8.4 Pentium Memory Management 316

8.5 ARM Memory Management 321

8.6 Recommended Reading 326

8.7 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 326

PART THREE ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC 331

Chapter 9 Number Systems 331

9.1 The Decimal System 332

9.2 Positional Number Systems 333

9.3 The Binary System 334

9.4 Converting Between Binary and Decimal 334

9.5 Hexadecimal Notation 337

9.6 Recommended Reading 339

9.7 Key Terms and Problems 339

Chapter 10 Computer Arithmetic 341

10.1 The Arithmetic and Logic Unit 342

10.2 Integer Representation 343

10.3 Integer Arithmetic 348

10.4 Floating-Point Representation 363

10.5 Floating-Point Arithmetic 371

10.6 Recommended Reading 380

10.7 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 381

Chapter 11 Digital Logic 386

11.1 Boolean Algebra 387

11.2 Gates 390

11.3 Combinational Circuits 392

11.4 Sequential Circuits 410

11.5 Programmable Logic Devices 419

11.6 Recommended Reading 423

11.7 Key Terms and Problems 423

PART FOUR THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 427

Chapter 12 Instruction Sets： Characteristics and Functions 427

12.1 Machine Instruction Characteristics 428

12.2 Types of Operands 435

12.3 Intel x86 and ARM Data Types 437

12.4 Types of Operations 440

12.5 Intel x86 and ARM Operation Types 453

12.6 Recommended Reading 463

12.7 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 463

Appendix 12A Little-， Big-， and Bi-Endian 469

Chapter 13 Instruction Sets： Addressing Modes and Formats 473

13.1 Addressing Modes 474

13.2 x86 and ARM Addressing Modes 481

13.3 Instruction Formats 486

13.4 x86 and ARM Instruction Formats 495

13.5 Assembly Language 499

13.6 Recommended Reading 501

13.7 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 501

Chapter 14 Processor Structure and Function 505

14.1 Processor Organization 506

14.2 Register Organization 508

14.3 Instruction Cycle 513

14.4 Instruction Pipelining 517

14.5 The x86 Processor Family 534

14.6 The ARM Processor 542

14.7 Recommended Reading 548

14.8 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 549

Chapter 15 Reduced Instruction Set Computers 553

15.1 Instruction Execution Characteristics 555

15.2 The Use of a Large Register File 560

15.3 Compiler-Based Register Optimization 565

15.4 Reduced Instruction Set Architecture 567

15.5 RISC Pipelining 573

15.6 MIPS R4000 578

15.7 SPARC 584

15.8 RISC Versus CISC Controversy 590

15.9 Recommended Reading 591

15.10 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 591

Chapter 16 Instruction-Level Parallelism and Superscalar Processors 595

16.1 Overview 596

16.2 Design Issues 601

16.3 Pentium 4 611

16.4 ARM Cortex-A8 617

16.5 Recommended Reading 625

16.6 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 627

PART FIVE PARALLEL ORGANIZATION 633

Chapter 17 Parallel Processing 633

17.1 Multiple Processor Organizations 635

17.2 Symmetric Multiprocessors 637

17.3 Cache Coherence and the MESI Protocol 641

17.4 Multithreading and Chip Multiprocessors 648

17.5 Clusters 655

17.6 Nonuniform Memory Access 662

17.7 Vector Computation 666

17.8 Recommended Reading 678

17.9 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 679

Chapter 18 Multicore Computers 686

18.1 Hardware Performance Issues 687

18.2 Software Performance Issues 691

18.3 Multicore Organization 696

18.4 Intel x86 Multicore Organization 698

18.5 ARM11 MPCore 701

18.6 IBM zEnterprise 196 Mainframe 706

18.7 Recommended Reading 709

18.8 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 709

Appendix A Projects for Teaching Computer Organization and Architecture 712

A.1 Interactive Simulations 713

A.2 Research Projects 715

A.3 Simulation Projects 715

A.4 Assembly Language Projects 716

A.5 Reading/Report Assignments 717

A.6 Writing Assignments 717

A.7 Test Bank 717

Appendix B Assembly Language and Related Topics 718

B.1 Assembly Language 719

B.2 Assemblers 727

B.3 Loading and Linking 731

B.4 Recommended Reading 739

B.5 Key Terms， Review Questions， and Problems 740

Glossary 744

References 754

Index 766

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