光电子学与光子学 原理与实践 第2版 英文版PDF电子书下载

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Chapter 1 光的波动性 19

1.1 均匀介质中光的波动性 19

A．Plane Electromagnetic Wave 19

B．Maxwell's Wave Equation and Diverging Waves 22

Example 1.1.1 A diverging laser beam 26

1.2 折射率和色散 26

Example 1.2.1 Sellmeier equation and diamond 29

Example 1.2.2 Cauchy equation and diamond 30

1.3群速度和群折射率 30

Example 1.3.1 Group velocity 33

Example 1.3.2 Group velocity and index 33

Example 1.3.3 Group and phase velocities 34

1.4 磁场、辐照度和坡印廷矢量 34

Example 1.4.1 Electric and magnetic fields in light 37

Example 1.4.2 Power and irradiance of a Gaussian beam 37

1.5 斯涅耳折射定律和全反射（TIR） 38

Example 1.5.1 Beam displacement 41

1.6 菲涅耳方程 42

A．Amplitude Reflection and Transmission Coefficients（r and t） 42

B．Intensity,Reflectance,and Transmittance 48

C．Goos-H？nchen Shift and Optical Tunneling 49

Example 1.6.1 Reflection of light from aless dense medium（internal reflection） 51

Example 1.6.2 Reflection at normal incidence,and internal and external reflection 52

Example 1.6.3 Reflection and transmission at the Brewster angle 53

1.7 增透膜和介质镜 54

A．Antireflection Coatings on Photodetectors and Solar Cells 54

Example 1.7.1 Antireflection coating on a photodetector 55

B．Dielectric Mirrors and Bragg Reflectors 56

Example 1.7.2 Dielectric mirror 58

1.8光的吸收和复折射率 59

Example 1.8.1 Complex refractive index of InP 62

Example 1.8.2 Reflectance of CdTe around resonance absorption 63

1.9 时间相干性和空间相干性 63

Example 1.9.1 Coherence length of LED light 66

1.10 波的叠加和干涉 67

1.11多波干涉和光学谐振腔 69

Example 1.11.1 Resonator modes and spectral width of a semiconductor Fabry-Perot cavity 73

1.12衍射原理 74

A．Fraunhofer Diffraction 74

Example 1.12.1 Resolving power of imaging systems 79

B．Diffraction Grating 80

Example 1.12.2 A reflection grating 83

选学专题 84

1.13干涉仪 84

1.14薄膜光学——薄膜中光波的多次反射 86

Example 1.14.1 Thin film optics 88

1.15平板内光波多次反射和非相干波 89

1.16光的散射 90

1.17光子晶体 92

习题 98

Chapter 2 介质波导与光纤 111

2.1对称平面介质平板波导 111

A．Waveguide Condition 111

B．Single and Multimode Waveguides 116

C．TE and TM Modes 116

Example 2.1.1 Waveguide modes 117

Example 2.1.2 V-number and the number of modes 118

Example 2.1.3 Mode field width,2wo 119

2.2平面波导中的模间色散和波导色散 120

A．Waveguide Dispersion Diagram and Group Velocity 120

B．Intermodal Dispersion 121

C．Intramodal Dispersion 122

2.3阶跃折射率分布光纤 123

A．Principles and Allowed Modes 123

Example 2.3.1 A multimode fiber 128

Example 2.3.2 A single-mode fiber 128

B．Mode Field Diameter 128

Example 2.3.3 Mode field diameter 129

C．Propagation Constant and Group Velocity 130

Example 2.3.4 Group velocity and delay 131

D．Modal Dispersion in Multimode Step-Index Fibers 132

Example 2.3.5 A multimode fiber and dispersion 132

2.4数值孔径 133

Example 2.4.1 A multimode fiber and total acceptance angle 134

Example 2.4.2 A single-mode fiber 134

2.5单模光纤中的色散 135

A．Material Dispersion 135

B．Waveguide Dispersion 136

C．Chromatic Dispersion 138

D．Profile and Polarization Dispersion Effects 138

Example 2.5.1 Material dispersion 140

Example 2.5.2 Material,waveguide,and chromatic dispersion 141

Example 2.5.3 Chromatic dispersion at different wavelengths 141

Example 2.5.4 Waveguide dispersion 142

2.6色散位移光纤和色散补偿 142

A．Dispersion Modified Fibers 142

B．Dispersion Compensation 144

Example 2.6.1 Dispersion compensation 146

2.7比特率、色散及电学和光学带宽 146

A．Bit Rate and Dispersion 146

B．Optical and Electrical Bandwidth 149

Example 2.7.1 Bit rate and dispersion for a single-mode fiber 151

2.8渐变折射率光纤 151

A．Basic Properties of GRIN Fibers 151

B．Telecommunications 155

Example 2.8.1 Dispersion in a graded index fiber and bit rate 156

Example 2.8.2 Dispersion in a graded index fiber and bit rate 157

2.9光纤的衰减损耗 158

A．Attenuation Coefficient and Optical Power Levels 158

Example 2.9.1 Attenuation along an optical fiber 160

B．Intrinsic Attenuation in Optical Fibers 160

C．Intrinsic Attenuation Equations 162

Example 2.9.2 Rayleigh scattering equations 163

D．Bending losses 164

Example 2.9.3 Bending loss for SMF 167

2.10光纤的制造 168

A．Fiber Drawing 168

B．Outside Vapor Deposition 169

Example 2.10.1 Fiber drawing 171

选学专题 171

2.11 Wavelength Division Multiplexing：WDM波分复用 171

2.12 光纤和DWDM中的非线性效应 173

2.13 布拉格光纤 175

2.14 光子晶体光纤——多孔光纤 176

2.15 光纤布拉格光栅和传感器 179

Example 2.15.1 Fiber Bragg grating at 1550nm 183

习题 183

Chapter 3 半导体学与发光二极管 195

3.1 半导体概念和能带概述 195

A．Energy Band Diagrams,Density of States,Fermi-Dirac Function and Metals 195

B．Energy Band Diagrams of Semiconductors 198

3.2半导体的统计分布 200

3.3非本征半导体 203

A．n-Type and p-Type Semiconductors 203

B．Compensation Doping 206

C．Nondegenerate and Degenerate Semiconductors 207

D．Energy Band Diagrams in an Applied Field 208

Example 3.3.1 Fermi levels in semiconductors 209

Example 3.3.2 Conductivity of n-Si 209

3.4直接带隙和间接带隙半导体：E-k能带图 210

3.5 pn结原理 214

A．Open Circuit 214

B．Forward Bias and the Shockley Diode Equation 217

C．Minority Carrier Charge Stored in Forward Bias 222

D．Recombination Current and the Total Current 222

3.6 pn结的反向电流 225

3.7 pn结动态电阻和电容 227

A．Depletion Layer Capacitance 227

B．Dynamic Resistance and Diffusion Capacitance for Small Signals 229

3.8 复合寿命 230

A．Direct Recombination 230

B．Indirect Recombination 232

Example 3.8.1 A direct bandgap pn junction 232

3.9 pn结的能带图 234

A．Open Circuit 234

B．Forward and Reverse Bias 236

Example 3.9.1 The built-in voltage from the band diagram 237

3.10 异质结 238

3.11 发光二极管基本原理 240

A．Homojunction LEDs 240

B．Heterostructure High Intensity LEDs 242

C．Output Spectrum 244

Example 3.11.1 LED spectral linewidth 247

Example 3.11.2 LED spectral width 248

Example 3.11.3 Dependence of the emission peak and linewidth on temperature 249

3.12 量子阱高亮度LED 249

Example 3.12.1 Energy levels in the quantum well 252

3.13 LED材料和结构 253

A．LED Materials 253

B．LED Structures 254

Example 3.13.1 Light extraction from a bare LED chip 257

3.14 LED的效率和光通量 258

Example 3.14.1 LED efficiencies 260

Example 3.14.2 LED brightness 261

3.15 LED的基本特性 261

3.16 光纤通信应用的LED 262

3.17 荧光粉和白光LED 265

选学专题 267

3.18 LED电子技术 267

习题 270

Chapter 4 受激辐射器件——光放大器和激光器 281

4.1 受激辐射、光子放大和激光器 281

A．Stimulated Emission and Population Inversion 281

B．Photon Amplification and Laser Principles 282

C．Four-Level Laser System 285

4.2 受激辐射率和辐射截面 286

A．Stimulated Emission and Einstein Coefficients 286

Example 4.2.1 Minimum pumping power for three-level laser systems 288

B．Emission and Absorption Cross-Sections 289

Example 4.2.2 Gain coefficient in a Nd3＋-doped glass fiber 291

4.3 掺铒光纤放大器 292

A．Principle of Operation and Amplifier Configurations 292

B．EDFA Characteristics,Efficiency,and Gain Saturation 296

Example 4.3.1 An erbium-doped fiber amplifier 299

C．Gain-Flattened EDFAs and Noise Figure 300

4.4 气体激光器：He-Ne激光器 303

Example 4.4.1 Efficiency of the He-Ne laser 306

4.5 气体激光器的输出光谱 306

Example 4.5.1 Doppler broadened linewidth 309

4.6 激光振荡：阈值增益因子和增益带宽 311

A．Optical Gain Coefficient g 311

B．Threshold Gain Coefficient gth and Output Power 312

Example 4.6.1 Threshold population inversion for the He-Ne laser 315

C．Output Power and Photon Lifetime in the Cavity 315

Example 4.6.2 Output power and photon cavity lifetime τph 317

D．Optical Cavity,Phase Condition,Laser Modes 317

4.7 光增益曲线加宽及其线宽 319

4.8 脉冲激光器：调Q（Q开关）和锁模技术 323

A．Q-Switching 323

B．Mode Locking 326

4.9半导体激光器原理 327

4.10异质结半导体激光器 331

Example 4.10.1 Modes in a semiconductor laser and the optical cavity length 336

4.11 量子阱器件 337

Example 4.11.1 A GaAs quantum well 339

4.12 激光二极管的基本特性 340

Example 4.12.1 Laser output wavelength variation with temperature 346

Example 4.12.2 Laser diode efficiencies for a sky-blue LD 346

Example 4.12.3 Laser diode efficiencies 347

4.13 稳态半导体速率方程：激光二极管方程 348

A．Laser Diode Equation 348

B．Optical Gain Curve,Threshold,and Transparency Conditions 351

Example 4.13.1 Threshold current and optical output power from a Fabry-Perot heterostructure laser diode 352

4.14 单频半导体激光器 354

A．Distributed Bragg Reflector LDs 354

B．Distributed Feedback LDs 355

C．External Cavity LDs 358

Example 4.14.1 DFB LD wavelength 360

4.15 垂直腔面发射激光器 360

4.16 半导体光放大器 364

选学专题 366

4.17 超辐射LED和谐振腔LED：SLD和RCLED 366

4.18激光器直接调制 367

4.19全息技术 370

习题 373

Chapter 5 光电探测器和图像传感器 381

5.1 pn结光电二极管原理 381

A．Basic Principles 381

B．Energy Band Diagrams and Photodetection Modes 383

C．Current-Voltage Convention and Modes of Operation 385

5.2 肖克莱－拉莫定理和外光生电流 386

5.3 吸收系数和光电探测器材料 388

5.4 量子效率和响应度 391

Example 5.4.1 Quantum efficiency and responsivity 394

Example 5.4.2 Maximum quantum efficiency 395

5.5 pin光电二极管 395

Example 5.5.1 Operation and speed of a pin photodiode 399

Example 5.5.2 Photocarrier diffusion in a pin photodiode 399

Example 5.5.3 Responsivity of a pin photodiode 400

Example 5.5.4 Steady state photocurrent in the pin photodiode 401

5.6 雪崩光电二极管 402

A．Principles and Device Structures 402

Example 5.6.1 InGaAs APD responsivity 406

Example 5.6.2 Silicon APD 406

B．Impact Ionization and Avalanche Multiplication 406

Example 5.6.3 Avalanche multiplication in Si APDs 408

5.7 异质结光电二极管 409

A．Separate Absorption and Multiplication APD 409

B．Superlattice APDs 411

5.8 肖特基结光电探测器 413

5.9 光电晶体管 417

5.10 光电导探测器和光电导增益 418

5.11 基本光电二极管电路 421

5.12 光电探测器的噪声 424

A．The pn Junction and pin Photodiodes 424

Example 5.12.1 NEP of a Si pin photodiode 428

Example 5.12.2 Noise of an ideal photodetector 428

Example 5.12.3 SNR of a receiver 429

B．Avalanche Noise in the APD 430

Example 5.12.4 Noise in an APD 430

5.13 图像传感器 431

A．Basic Principles 431

B．Active Matrix Array and CMOS Image Sensors 433

C．Charge-Coupled Devices 435

选学专题 437

5.14 光伏器件：太阳能电池 437

A．Basic Principles 437

B．Operating Current and Voltage and Fill Factor 439

C．Equivalent Circuit of a Solar Cell 440

D．Solar Cell Structures and Efficiencies 442

Example 5.14.1 Solar cell driving a load 444

Example 5.14.2 Open circuit voltage and short circuit current 445

习题 445

Chapter 6 光的偏振与调制 457

6.1 光的偏振 457

A．State of Polarization 457

Example 6.1.1 Elliptical and circular polarization 460

B．Malus's Law 460

6.2 各向异性介质中的光传播现象：双折射现象 461

A．Optical Anisotropy 461

B．Uniaxial Crystals and Fresnel's Optical Indicatrix 463

C．Birefringence of Calcite 466

D．Dichroism 467

6.3双折射光学器件 468

A．Retarding Plates 468

Example 6.3.1 Quartz-half wave plate 469

Example 6.3.2 Circular polarization from linear polarization 470

B．Soleil-Babinet Compensator 470

C．Birefringent Prisms 471

6.4旋光效应和圆双折射 472

6.5液晶显示器 474

6.6电光效应 478

A．Definitions 478

B．Pockels Effect 479

Example 6.6.1 Pockels Cell Modulator 484

C．Kerr Effect 484

Example 6.6.2 Kerr Effect Modulator 486

6.7集成光调制器 486

A．Phase and Polarization Modulation 486

B．Mach-Zehnder Modulator 487

C．Coupled Waveguide Modulators 489

Example 6.7.1 Modulated Directional Coupler 492

6.8声光调制器 492

A．Photoelastic Effect and Principles 492

B．Acousto-Optic Modulators 494

Example 6.8.1 AO Modulator 499

6.9法拉第旋光效应和光隔离器 499

Example 6.9.1 Faraday rotation 500

6.10非线性光学和二次谐波产生 501

选学专题 505

6.11琼斯矢量 505

习题 506

Appendices 514

Appendix A 高斯分布 514

Appendix B 立体角 516

Appendix C 基本辐射度和光度学 518

Appendix D 重要的数学公式 521

Appendix E 部分定义与基本公式 523

Index 533

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