THE COMMON EUROPEAN ASYLUM SYSTEM BACKGROUND CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS FUTURE DIRECTIONPDF电子书下载

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Introduction 1

Chapter 1 Towards a Common European Asylum System 7

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Geneva Convention (1951) 8

1.3 Internal market: Freedom of movement 10

1.4 Schengen Agreement (1985) and Schengen Implementation Convention (1990) 12

1.5 Dublin Convention (1990) 15

1.6 Treaty of Maastricht (1992) 19

1.7 Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) 20

1.7.1 Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 21

1.7.2 Title IV TEC 24

1.7.3 Protocols 25

1.7.3.1 Asylum for nationals of Member States 25

1.7.3.2 The position of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark 26

1.8 Tampere Conclusions (1999) 28

1.9 Treaty of Nice (2001) 32

1.10 Institutional Aspects 32

1.10.1 Decision making 33

1.10.1.1 Council 33

1.10.1.2 Commission 35

1.10.1.3 European Parliament 36

1.10.2 European Council 37

1.10.3 Court of Justice 37

1.11 Conclusions 38

Chapter 2 EU Legislation on Asylum 41

2.1 Introduction 41

2.2 Responsible Member State 42

2.2.1 Evaluation of the Dublin Convention 43

2.2.2 New hierarchy of criteria 49

2.2.3 Evaluation of the 'Dublin II' Regulation 51

2.2.4 Eurodac 57

2.3 Reception 58

2.4 Qualification 63

2.4.1 Assessment of applications 66

2.4.2 Refugee 70

2.4.3 Subsidiary protection 75

2.4.4 Content of International Protection 77

2.5 Procedures 79

2.5.1 General provisions 81

2.5.2 Basic principles and guarantees 82

2.5.3 Procedures at first instance 88

2.5.4 Procedures for the withdrawal of refugee status 103

2.5.5 Appeal procedures 105

2.6 Temporary protection and burden sharing 108

2.6.1 Temporary protection 112

2.6.2 Solidarity between Member States (burden sharing) 115

2.6.2.1 European Refugee Fund 115

2.7 Other Directives 118

2.7.1 Family reunification 119

2.7.2 Long-term residents 121

2.8 Conclusions 123

Chapter 3 The Perspective of a new Member State: Slovakia 125

3.1 Introduction 125

3.2 EU-Slovakia relations before joining the EU 126

3.3 The challenges of harmonisation 128

3.4 Evolution of the Slovak Asylum Legislation 130

3.4.1 The beginnings of the Slovak asylum law 131

3.4.2 Amendment to the 283/1995 Refugee Law 135

3.4.3 Asylum Law 480/2002 136

3.4.3.1 Procedural aspects 140

3.4.3.2 Review of decisions 141

3.4.4 Two examples of Court decisions 143

3.4.5 Considerations concerning the Slovak Asylum Law 146

3.4.6 Amendments to the 480/2002 Asylum Law 147

3.5 Assessment by the European Commission 151

3.6 Implementation 154

3.6.1 A fictitious case 155

3.6.1.1 Entry into the asylum procedure 157

3.6.1.2 Registration at the reception centre 158

3.6.1.3 Procedure leading to a first-instance decision 160

3.6.1.4 First-instance decision 161

3.6.1.5 Appeal against a first-instance decision 163

3.7 Conclusions 167

Chapter 4 EU Policy on Asylum 173

4.1 Introduction 173

4.2 Communications of the Commission 174

4.2.1 'Towards more accessible, equitable and managed asylum systems' 175

4.2.2 'Area of freedom, security and justice: assessment of the Tampere programme and future orientations' 178

4.2.3 '0n the managed entry in the EU of persons in need of international protection and the enhancement of the protection capacity of the regions of origin-Improving access to durable solutions' 181

4.2.4 'A more efficient Common European Asylum System: the Single Procedure as the next step' 187

4.2.5 'On Strengthened Practical Cooperation. New Structures,New Approaches: Improving the Quality of Decision Making in the Common European Asylum System' 190

4.3 Activities of the Council and the European Council 192

4.3.1 Evaluation of the Conclusions of Tampere (6 December 2001) 192

4.3.2 Laeken European Council (14-15 December 2001) 194

4.3.2.1 Laeken Declaration on the future of the European Union 195

4.3.3 Seville European Council (21-22 June 2002) 196

4.3.4 Council (5-6 June 2003) 198

4.3.5 Thessaloniki European Council (19-20 June 2003) 199

4.3.6 Brussels European Council (12-13 December 2003) 200

4.3.7 Council (29-30 April 2004) 201

4.3.8 Council (19 July 2004) 202

4.3.9 Brussels European Council (4-5 November 2004) 202

4.4 The Hague Programme 203

4.4.1 Common European Asylum System 204

4.4.2 External dimension of asylum and migration 206

4.4.3 Action Plan 208

4.5 Conclusions 212

Concluding Remarks 215

1. Common European Asylum System 215

2. Implementation in Slovakia 215

3. More effective solutions? 217

4. A complex problem 218

5. A balanced approach 218

6. External dimension 219

7. Internal dimension 220

8. Constitutional Treaty 220

9. The immediate future 222

Selected Bibliography 223

Selected Documents 231

Index 239

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