Introduction: Fuller, Gewirth and the Idea of Eunomics 1
The Architecture of Justice 1
The Story So Far 3
Gewirth’s Argument to the PGC 4
The Integration of Ethical and Legal Theory 8
Objectivity and Perfectionism 10
Idealism or Pragmatism? Objections to the ‘Foundational’ Argument 11
1 The Methodology of Eunomics 15
Part 1: Explanation, Critique and Human Interests 15
Social Norms and Legal Norms 18
Incommensurabilism, Pragmatism and Proceduralism 24
Selznick, Fuller and Pragmatism 25
‘Variability’ 27
‘Normative Theory’ 28
‘Baseline and Flourishing’ Criteria 28
‘Weak Definitions/Strong Theories’ 29
Why Does Pragmatism Reject Foundationalism? 33
Part 2: Pragmatism and the ‘Incommensurability of Values’ 35
Incommensurability and Natural Law? 36
Goods, Rights, Values and Principles 38
Incommensurability and Moral ‘Dilemmas’ 49
Shaun Pattinson: Extrapolating From Basic Principles 52
Principle, Procedure and Authority 57
On the Incommensurability of Systemic Rules 58
Part 3: Fuller’s Proceduralism and the Morality of Law 59
2 Means, Ends and the Idea of Freedom 67
Negative and Affirmative Freedom 68
Institutional Design: Means, Ends and the Concept of Freedom 71
The Metaphor of Architecture 74
Means, Ends and Sociological Method 78
Freedom and the Source of the Legal Impulse 80
Fuller, Gewirth and the Idea of Effective Agency 81
3 The Politics of Affirmative Freedom 87
Hume and Mill on the Social Contract 88
‘Of the Original Contract’ 89
J.S.Mill’s ‘Critique’ of the Social Contract 92
Liberalism: Individual Freedom and Public Authority 93
(i) The Abstracted Self 95
(ii) Arbitrariness of Ends 96
Thinking About Institutional Design 98
Affirmative Freedom and Human Nature 99
Towards a Synthesis 103
The Complexity of Eunomic Freedom 104
4 Natural Law, Sovereignty and Institutional Design 107
Constitutionalism and the Locus of Sovereignty 108
The Persistence of the Hobbesian Objection 109
The Power to Interpret the Laws 110
The Prudential, the Moral and the Legal 111
A Continuum of Practical Reason 119
The Discontinuity Thesis 121
Kant’s Concept of Obligation 123
Eunomics and Civil Society 131
Civil Society or ‘Civil Society Talk’ 132
Civil Association and the PGC 135
5 Why ‘Pluralism’ Fails a Pluralist Society 139
From Universalism to Multiculturalism 139
Equality and Inclusiveness 140
A Brief History of Pluralism 144
Carl Schmitt’s Analysis of Pluralism 149
Beyond Schmitt and the Pluralists 152
From Pluralism to Multiculturalism 153
‘Descriptive’ and ‘Critical’ Conceptions of the PluralistCondition 156
Multiculturalism and the Case of the Hijab 161
The Wider Lesson of the Hijab 167
The Reflexive Fallacy in Multicultural Critique 173
Pluralism and Eunomic Design 176
6 Obsolescent Freedoms 177
Religion and Human Rights Origins of the Freedom of Religion 178
The Character of Religion 179
The Right to Freedom of Religion and its Absorption into Other Rights 180
Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Association and Assembly 182
Freedom of Religion and the Prohibition Against Discrimination on the Ground of Religion 184
Rituals and Rites 186
The Right to Observe Religious Rituals 188
Freedom of Religion: Conviction and Action 193
Arguing Against the Special Status of Religious Belief 195
Evans:Toleration and Peace 197
Ahdar and Leigh: Liberal Justifications for Special Protection 200
Ahdar and Leigh: The ‘Duty vs.Preference’ Argument 201
Stephen D.Smith: ‘Democratic Civic Virtue’ 203
Epilogue: Equality, Diversity and Limits to Social Freedom 205
Author Index 211
Subject Index 213