书籍 Restitution的封面

RestitutionPDF电子书下载

G. H. L. Fridman

购买点数

15

出版社

Carswell Legal Pubns

出版时间

1992

ISBN

标注页数

489 页

PDF页数

572 页

标签

图书目录

Chapter 1: The Evolution of the Law 1

1. Terminology: From Quasi-contract to Restitution 1

2. Development of the Law in England 3

(a) Early Fusion of Law and Equity 3

(b) Subsequent Common Law Development 4

(ⅰ) Account 5

(ⅱ) Debt 6

(ⅲ) Indebitatus Assumpsit 7

(c) Later History 7

(ⅰ)Chief Justice Holt 7

(ⅱ)Lord Mansfield 9

(ⅲ) Sinclair v.Brougham 9

(ⅳ) After Sinclair v.Brougham 10

3. Emergence of a Canadian Law of Restitution 12

(a) The Deglman Case 12

(b) Subsequent Decisions 13

(c) Lines of Growth 15

(d) Acceptance of Unjust Enrichment 16

Chapter 2: The Foundations of Liability 21

1. The Scope of Restitution 21

(a) Recovery of Money 21

(b) Restitution,Reimbursement and Recompense 23

(c) Officious Behaviour 25

(d) Accountability and Wrongdoing 26

2. Restitution and Unjust Enrichment 28

3. The Content of Unjust Enrichment 30

(a) Diversity of Views 30

(b) An Alternative to “Benefit” 33

4. Justifications 36

(a) Legal and Non-legal Values 36

(b) Legal Values 37

(c) Non-legal Values 38

(d) A Possible Synthesis 40

Chapter 3: Recovery of Money Paid Under a Mistake of Fact 43

1. Mistake in Restitution and Contract 43

2. The Rationale of Recovery 47

3. The Elements of Recovery 50

(a) Mistake 52

(b) Of Fact 57

(c) Mistake and Causation 59

(d) Privity 62

(e) A Mistaken Obligation 68

(f) The Effect of the Payer’s Conduct 76

(ⅰ) Negligence 77

(ⅱ) Estoppel 79

(g) Change of Circumstances 85

(h) An Equitable Claim 87

4. The Extent of Recovery 90

Chapter 4: Recovery of Money Paid Under a Mistake of Law 93

1. Introduction 93

2. The Original Position 94

(a) Non-recovery 94

(b) Exceptional Instances of Recovery 96

3. The Nepean Case 100

4. The Air Canada Case 105

5. The Aftermath of Air Canada 108

Chapter 5: Recovery at Common Law of Money Paid Under Compulsion 111

1. Duress 111

(a) As a Basis of Recovery 111

(b) Elements of Recovery 112

(ⅰ) Compulsion 112

(ⅱ) The Defendant’s Act 113

(ⅲ) Protest 114

(ⅳ) Lack of Alternative 115

2. Duress of Person 118

3. Duress of Property 122

4. Duress Colore Officii 124

5. Practical Compulsion 128

6. Economic Duress 137

Chapter 6: Equitable and Statutory Extensions of Compulsion 141

1. Introduction 141

2. Undue Influence 142

3. Unconscionability 145

4. Statutory Relief 150

(a) Unconscionable Transactions 150

(b) Unfair Business Practices 151

Chapter 7: Recovery of Money Paid Under Ineffective Contracts 153

1. Introduction 153

(a) Contract and Restitution 153

(b) Failure of Consideration 155

(c) The Ambiguity of Consideration 156

(d) Consideration in Restitution 157

2. Anticipated Contracts 158

(a) The Relevance of Restitution 158

(b) Deposits 160

3. Unenforceable Contracts 161

(a) Contracts Under the Statute of Frauds 161

(b) The Case Law 163

(c) Other Contracts 165

4. Contracts Affected by Lack of Capacity 166

(a) Categories of Invalidity 166

(b) Contracts with Minors 167

(ⅰ) Claims by the Minor 167

(ⅱ) Claims by the Adult 171

(c) Contracts with Those Lacking Mental Competence 174

(d) Contracts with Drunkards 175

(e) Contracts with Corporations 176

5. Invalid Contracts 179

(a) Invalidity Under Statute 179

(b) Contracts Made without Authority 183

6. Illegal Contracts 185

(a) The Principle of Non-recovery 185

(b) When Recovery is Allowed 186

(ⅰ) Where the Claim is Not Founded on the Illegal Transaction 186

(ⅱ) Where the Plaintiff Repents 188

(ⅲ) Where the Parties are Not in pari delicto 188

(c) Illegality and Unjust Enrichment 193

7. Voidable Contracts 195

(a) Instances of Voidability 195

(b) The Notion of Rescission 196

(c) Rescission for Misrepresentation 198

(d) Recovery of Money 200

(e) Restitution and Adjustment 203

8. Frustrated Contracts 205

(a) At Common Law 205

(b) Under Statute 206

9. Broken Contracts 209

(a) The Basis of Restitutionary Relief 209

(b) Recovery by the Innocent Party 212

(c) Recovery by the Guilty Party 215

Chapter 8: Recovery of Money Transferred Under an Ineffective Gift 221

Chapter 9: Recovery of Money Paid to a Third Party 225

1. Introduction 225

(a) Reimbursement or Recoupment 225

(b) Contribution 227

2. Instances of Contribution 230

(a) Co-sureties 230

(ⅰ) The Right to Contribution 230

(ⅱ) Amount of Contribution 231

(ⅲ) Loss of the Right to Contribution 232

(b) Joint Contractors 235

(c) Insurers 236

(d) Other Co-obligors 237

(ⅰ) Trustees 237

(ⅱ) Directors 238

(e) Tortfeasors 239

(f) General Average 240

3. Compulsory Discharge of Another’s Liability 242

(a) Introduction 242

(b) Requirements for Recovery 244

(ⅰ) A Compellable Payment 244

(ⅱ) An Unoffious Payment 251

(ⅲ) Discharge of the Defendant’s Liability 255

(ⅳ) Primary Liability of the Defendant 257

(c) Right of Deduction 258

4. Attornment 259

Chapter 10: Recovery for Work or Services 263

1. Introduction 263

(a) The General Rule 263

(b) Qualifications of the General Rule 264

2. Necessitous Intervention 266

(a) Agency of Necessity 266

(ⅰ) Scope of the Doctrine 266

(ⅱ) Requirements of the Doctrine 269

(ⅲ) Effect of the Doctrine 270

(b) Necessitous Intervention by a Stranger 271

(ⅰ) Preservation of Life and Health 271

(ⅱ) Supplying of Necessaries to Minors,Mental Incompetents,and Drunkards 273

(ⅲ) Preservation of Credit 275

(ⅳ) Preservation of Property 276

(c) Fulfillment of Another’s Duty 279

(ⅰ) To Bury the Dead 279

(ⅱ) To Support a Dependent 280

(d) Salvage 281

(ⅰ) The Right to Claim 281

(ⅱ) Who May Claim 282

(ⅲ) Amount of Claim 284

(ⅳ) Salvage Agreements 284

3. Work and Services Performed Without a Contract 285

(a) General Principles 285

(ⅰ) Quantum Meruit 285

(ⅱ) Origins of Quantum Meruit 287

(ⅲ) Duality of Quantum Meruit 289

(ⅳ) Restitutionary Quantum Meruit 290

(b) Prerequisites for Recovery 292

(ⅰ) Intention to be Compensated 292

(ⅱ) A Special Relationship 294

(ⅲ) Request 294

(ⅳ) Acquiescence 296

(c) An Inapplicable Theory 299

(d) Particular Examples 300

(ⅰ) Anticipated Contracts 300

(ⅱ) Unenforceable Contracts 303

(e) Contracts Affected by Lack of Capacity 305

(ⅰ) Ultra Vires Contracts 305

(ⅱ) Contracts with Minors 307

(f) Invalid Contracts 308

(ⅰ) Uncertainty 308

(ⅱ) Mistake 308

(ⅲ) Statutory Invalidity 310

(ⅳ) Contracts Made without Authority 310

(g) Illegal Contracts 311

(h) Frustrated Contracts 313

(ⅰ) Broken Contracts 315

(ⅱ) Claims by the Innocent Party 315

(ⅲ) Claims by the Guilty Party 318

(j) Services Extrinsic to the Contract 321

(ⅰ) Non-recovery 321

(ⅱ) Recover 323

(k) Services Rendered in Anticipation of a Legacy 329

(l) Services Rendered in Cases of Matrimonial or Equivalent Relationships 332

(m) Improvements to the Land or Chattels of Another 334

(ⅰ) Land 334

(ⅱ) Chattels 344

(n) Quantum Meruit Claims Arising out of a Principal-Agent Relationship 347

3. Conclusion 349

Chapter 11: Recovery of Money Acquired Through Wrongdoing 351

1. Crimes 351

(a) General Principles 351

(b) Succession to Property on Death 353

2. Torts 355

(a) Waiver of Tort 355

(b) Torts that Can be Waived 358

(c) Election 365

(d) Relevance of Waiver of Tort 367

3. Equitable Wrongdoing 367

(a) Breach of Duty by a Fiduciary 367

(ⅰ) Introduction 367

(ⅱ) The Concept of Fiduciary 369

(ⅲ) Fiduciary Duties 373

(ⅳ) Remedies 380

(b) Breach of Confidence 385

(ⅰ) Principles of Liability 385

(ⅱ) Confidential Information 386

(ⅲ) Confidential Communication 388

(ⅳ) Unautherised Use 389

(ⅴ) Defences 390

(ⅵ) Remedies 391

Chapter 12: Remedies 395

1. Introduction 395

(a) The Common Law 395

(ⅰ) Monetary Claims 395

(ⅱ) Damages 395

(b) Equity 396

(c) The Present Situation 398

2. Subrogation 398

(a) Meaning 398

(b) Features 399

(c) Scope 402

(ⅰ) Sureties 402

(ⅱ) Insurance 404

(ⅲ) Business Creditors 408

(ⅳ) Bills of Exchange 409

(v) Other Situations 409

3. Tracing 417

(a) A Proprietary Remedy 417

(b) Tracing at Common Law 419

(ⅰ) Land 419

(ⅱ) Goods 419

(ⅲ) Money 421

(c) Tracing in Equity 423

(ⅰ) A Fiduciary Relationship 424

(ⅱ) The Limits of Recovery 429

(ⅲ) The Mechanics of Tracing 431

4. Constructive Trust 434

(a) Nature and Effect 434

(b) Substantive Constructive Trust 435

(c) Emergence of the Remedial Constructive Trust 437

(d) Wider Use 440

(e) Problems 444

Chapter 13: Defences 447

1. Introduction: The Boundaries of Recovery 447

2. Res Judicata 448

(a) Meaning 448

(b) Application to Restitution 449

3. Election 450

4. Bona Fide Purchase 451

(a) Application 451

(b) Notice 453

(c) A Personal Defence 454

5. Estoppel 454

(a) Nature of the Defence 454

(b) Elements of the Defence 455

(c) Effect 457

(d) Estoppel and Change of Position 458

6. Change of Position 458

(a) Availability 458

(b) Nature of the Defence 460

(c) Scope of the Defence 462

(d) Effect of the Defence 464

(e) Two Special Cases 464

(ⅰ) Agency 464

(ⅱ) Bills of Exchange 466

7. Limitation 469

(a) Purpose and Nature of the Law 469

(b) Statutory Limitation 471

(c) Equitable Limitation 473

Index 477

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