Part One: Understanding poverty 1
one Defining poverty 3
two Poverty in different societies 11
three Understanding the figures 19
Part Two: Poverty as material need 27
four Concepts of need 29
five Area deprivation 37
Part Three: Poverty as economic position 43
six Economic resources 45
seven Class 53
Part Four: Poverty and social relationships 63
eight Social exclusion 65
nine Dependency 73
ten Poverty and politics 83
Part Five: Poverty as a moral concept 91
eleven The moral dimensions of poverty 93
twelve The moral condemnation of the poor 101
Part Six: Explanations for poverty 109
thirteen Why people are poor 111
fourteen Why poor countries stay poor 121
Part Seven: Responses to poverty 133
fifteen Responding to poverty 135
sixteen Policies for poverty 143
Notes 153
Index 173