HEROIN AND POLITICIANS THE FAILURE OF PUBLIC POLICY TO CONTROL ADDICTION IN AMERICAPDF电子书下载

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PART I. FORMULATING HEROIN-CONTROL POLICY 1

1. The Criminalization of Heroin 3

Ancient History 3

Modern History 4

2. The Nixon War on Heroin 18

Genesis of the Recent War on Heroin 19

Crime, Addiction, and Vietnam 21

The Feds in Action 25

Treatment and Rehabilitation: A New Emphasis 25

Nixon Moves Control Over Treatment Strategy to White House 27

ODALE AND LEAA 30

Enter Methadone Maintenance: The Forlorn Hope 31

3. The Physiology of Methadone Maintenance 38

Methadone Maintenance Defined 38

The Dole/Nyswander Research Project 40

Pharmacologic Effects of Methadone Maintenance 44

4. The Politics of Methadone Maintenance 53

Support by Official Spokesmen 53

Support by the Legal Establishment 55

Promotion by the Liberal Press and Social Scientists 56

The Role of the White House Domestic Council 58

Winning the War on Heroin 70

5. Victory Was Not Around the Corner 78

Return of the "Heroin Problem" 78

Treatment Policy Under the Ford Administration 81

The Carter Administration's Approach to Heroin 83

Ronald Reagan Assumes the Presidency and the Golden Crescent Replaces the Golden Triangle 85

PART II. HEROIN ADDICTION TREATMENT AND ITS OUTCOME 91

6. Goal Achievement Analysis of Methadone Maintenance 93

The Goals of Methadone Maintenance 93

Conclusions on Methadone Maintenance Therapy 124

7. Heroin Detoxification and Aftercare Counseling 134

Treatment Process and Outcome Goals 134

Aftercare Counseling 140

8. Residential Programs and Jailhouse Therapeutic Communities 150

What Residential Treatment Is 150

Do Residential Programs Work? Retention and Outcome 156

The Relationship of Treatment to Outcome 160

CRC: A Jailhouse Therapeutic Community 165

Summary 170

9. The Drug Abuse-Industrial Complex 175

The Latent Goals of Addiction Treatment Strategies 175

Profit-Making Corporations 186

Addiction Cost Estimate Studies 201

10. Conclusions and Future Prospects 207

The Legislation of Behavior 208

Looking Backward from 2080: Decline of Heroin and the Rise of New Highs 209

Bibliographic Essay 215

Index 231

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