Semiconductor devices and applicationsPDF电子书下载

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Chapter 1.The Structure of Atoms and Solids 1

1-1.Modern Concepts in Atomic Physics 1

1-2.The Laws Which Describe Atoms 3

1-3.The Schrodinger Equation 6

1-4.The Periodic Table 8

1-5.Crystalline Solids 11

1-6.The Energy-band Structure of Solids 16

Chapter 2.Electrical Conduction in Solids 22

2-1.Conductivity 22

2-2.The Allowed Motion of Electrons in the Energy Bands 24

2-3.Electron Conduction 26

2-4.Hole Conduction 28

2-5.The Band Structure of Insulators 29

2-6.The Band Structure of Semiconductors 31

2-7.The Band Structure of Metals 32

Chapter 3.Particle Physics 34

3-1.Particle Distribution Functions 34

3-2.The Fermi Function 39

3-3.Combined Distribution Functions 40

3-4.Diffusion of Particles 43

3-5.Drift of Particles 46

3-6.Combined Drift and Diffusion 49

Chapter 4.Practical Semiconductors 52

4-1.Photons,Phonons,Electrons,and Holes 52

4-2.Defects and Impurities 55

4-3.Intrinsic Semiconductors 58

4-4.Extrinsic Semiconductors 65

Chapter 5.Semiconductor Preparation,Properties,and Measurements 73

5-1.Preparation of Germanium and Silicon 73

5-2.Crystal Growing 76

5-3.Measurement of Resistivity 77

5-4.Measurement of Drift Mobility and Hall Mobility 80

5-5.Lifetime of Carriers 84

Chapter 6.Contacts 87

6-1.Introduction 87

6-2.Electric Potential 88

6-3.Metal-Metal Contacts 91

6-4.Metal-Semiconductor Contacts 93

6-5.Ohmio Contacts 96

Chapter 7.Junctions 99

7-1.Methods of Preparing p-n Junctions 99

7-2.The p-n Junction 103

7-3.Diode Resistanee 108

7-4.Calculation of Ip and In 109

7-5.The Space-charge Region 113

7-6.The Transition Capacitance 115

7-7.The Diffusion Capacitance 119

7-8.Temperature Dependence of Junction Characteristics 121

7-9.Reverse-bias Breakdown 123

7-10.The Tunnel Diode 126

Chapter 8.Diodes 130

8-1.Junction Diodes 130

8-2.Junction-diode Characteristics 133

8-3.Switching Effects in Junction Diodes 136

8-4.Conductivity-modulated Rectifiers 137

8-5.Point-contact Diodes 138

8-6.Plate Rectifiers 141

Chapter 9.Transistors,the Basic Mechanism 145

9-1.The Structure of the Triode Transistor 146

9-2.Transistor Action 149

9-3.The General Transistor Equations 153

9-4.Current Relations in the Plane Triode 155

9-5.The Collector Efficiency 161

9-6.The Collector Saturation Current 161

9-7.Base-width Modulation 162

Chapter 10.Practical Transistor Characteristics 164

10-1.Characteristics 164

10-2.Common-base Characteristics 167

10-3.Common-emitter Characteristics 171

10-4.Load Lines and Dynamic Characteristics 178

10-5.Power,Current,and Voltage Ratings 181

Chapter 11.Biasing and Stabilization 185

11-1.The Thermal-electrical Power Balance 185

11-2.Linear Stabilization 193

11-3.Linear Stabilization at Higher Powers 200

11-4.Nonlinear Stabilization 204

Chapter 12.Transistor Parameters 208

12-1.Active-network Parameters 209

12-2.A Physical Derivation of an Equivalent Circuit 213

12-3.The Hybrid-parameter Equivalent Circuit 219

12-4.The T-element Equivalent Circuit 227

12-5.The Hybrid-π Equivalent Circuit 229

12-6.The Dependence of Parameters on Q Point and Temperature 232

Chapter 13.Small-sighal Amplifiers 235

13-1.Single-stage Amplifiers 236

13-2.Single-stage Amplifiers Using T elements 244

13-3.Modified Equivalent Circuits 245

13-4.Cascaded Stages 248

13-5.RC-coupled Stages 251

13-6.Amplifiers with Feedback 259

13-7.Common-collector and Compound Amplifiers 264

13-8.Multistage Feedback Amplifiers 269

Chapter 14.Power Amplifiers 274

14-1.High-level Stages 274

14-2.Class A 279

14-3.Class B 286

14-4.Driver Stages 290

14-5.Compound Stages 293

14-6.Complementary Symmetry 294

14-7.Example Power Amplifiers 295

Chapter 15.Direct-current Amplifiers 300

15-1.The Drift Problem 300

15-2.Compensation Techniques 303

15-3.Difference Amplifiers 306

15-4.Chopper-stabilized Systems 310

15-5.Large-signal D-C Amplifiers 312

Chapter 16.Power Supplies 315

16-1.Rectifier Arrangements 315

16-2.Diode Voltage Regulators 317

16-3.Shunt Regulators 322

16-4.Series Regulators 324

16-5.Emitter-follower Regulators 326

16-6.Current Regulators 328

16-7.Current-limiting Circuits 329

Chapter 17.Sinusoidal Oscillators 331

17-l.General Principles 331

17-2.Negative-resistance Oscillators 333

17-3 RC Oscillators 335

17-4.LC Oscillators 338

17-5.Crystal Oscillators 343

Chapter 18.High-frequency and Switching Transistors 344

18-1.Frequency-response Limits in Transistor Design 345

18-2.High-frequency Transistors 348

l8-3.High-frequency Parameters 352

18-4.Storage and Switching Effects 354

18-5.Steady-state Switching Properties 362

Chapter 19.Switching-mode Circuits 367

19-1.Limiters,Clippers,and Clamps 367

19-2.Choppers 371

19-3.Logic and Logic Circuits 373

19-4.High-speed Logic 381

19-5.Power-level Switches 384

Chapter 20.Regenerative Switching-mode Circuits 386

20-1.Bistable Circuits 386

20-2.Astable and Monostable Circuits 392

20-3.Trigger Circuits 396

20-4.Counters and Shift Registers 399

20-5.Power Converters 403

Postface 407

Appendix A-1.Units and Special Functions 413

A-2.List of Symbols 415

A-3.Matrixes 420

A-4.Parameter Interrelationships 423

A-5.Gain Formulas 428

A-6.Device Characteristics 430

References 457

Problems 469

Index 489

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