THE LAW OF NATIONS CASESPDF电子书下载

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CHAPTER Ⅰ—THE LAW OF NATIONS: NATURE, SOURCES, SUBJECTS 1

Ⅰ.NATURE, BASIS, AND AUTHORITYLord Coleridge in The Queen v.Keyn 1

Sir Frederick Pollock on the Nature of International Law 1

Sir Henry Berkeley in The Prometheus 2

Edwin Dickinson on the Classics of International Law 3

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Three Classical Schools of the Law of Nations 6

United States v.La Jeune Eugenie 7

The Antelope 12

Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Nations 17

L.F.Oppenheim on the Basis of the Law of Nations 18

R.H.Dana on the Basis of the Law of Nations 20

J.L.Brierly on the.Basis of Obligation in International Law 21

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Basis of the Law of Nations 23

Ⅱ.SOURCESStatute of the Permanent Court of Inter-national Justice: Article 38 26

The Scotia 26

The Paquete Habana.The Lola 31

Lord Alverstone in West Rand Central Gold Mining Co.v.The King 34

John Marshall in Thirty Hogsheads of Sugar v.Boyle 36

Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice: Article 59 37

Great Britain （Eastern Extension, Australasia & China Telegraph Co. Claim） v.United States 37

Great Britain （The Cayuga Indians Claim） v.United States 41

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Sources of the Law of Nations 45

Ⅲ.RELATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW TO MUNICIPAL LAW 49

Mortensen v.Peters 49

EDITOR’S NOTE: Relation of the Law of Nations to Municipal Law 52

Ⅳ.THE SUBJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 55

Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States 55

Cherokee Nation v.Georgia 55

Great Britain （The Cayuga Indians Claim） v.United States 58

Covenant of the League of Nations: Preamble, Article 1 62

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Subjects of the Law of Nations 63

CHAPTER ⅡRECOGNITION 65

Ⅰ.NATURE OF RECOGNITION 65

L.F.Oppenheim on Recognition 65

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Nature of Recognition 66

Republic of China v.Merchants’ Fire Assurance Co 67

EDITOR’S NOTE: Intent as Element of Recognition 68

Duff Development Co.v.Government of Kelantan 69

The Gagara 73

EDITOR’S NOTE: Conditional Recognition 76

Institute of International Law: The Recognition of New States and New Governments 77

Ⅱ.THE CONSEQUENCES OF RECOGNITION AND NON-RECOGNITION 79

A.CONSEQUENCES OF NON-RECOGNITION 79

EDITOR’S NOTE: Consequences of Non-Recognition 79

Wulfsohn v.R.S.F.S.R 80

R.S.F.S.R.v.Cibrario 82

EDITOR’S NOTE: Effect of Withholding Recognition upon Questions of Private Right 86

Salimoff & Co.v.Standard Oil Co.of N.Y 92

EDITOR’S NOTE （continued）: Effect of Withholding Recognition upon Questions of Private Right 95

B.CONSEQUENCES OF RECOGNITION 97

Luther v.Sagor 97

Dougherty v.Equitable Life Assurance Society 103

United States v.Bank of New York & Trust Co 107

EDITOR’S NOTE: Effect to be Given to Acts of a Recognized Govern-ment 109

CHAPTER Ⅲ—SUCCESSION IN THE LAW OF NATIONS 112

Ⅰ.SUCCESSION OF GOVERNMENTS 112

Lehigh Valley R.R.Co.v.State of Russia 112

The Tinoco Arbitration 115

United States （George W.Hopkins Claim） v.United Mexican States 122

Ⅱ.SO-CALLED STATE SUCCESSION 128

West Rand Central Gold Mining Co.v.The King 128

EDITOR’S NOTE: State Succession to Obligations of Conquered State 131

Hawaiian Claims 131

EDITOR’S NOTE: State Succession 132

Settlers of German Origin in the Territory Ceded to Poland 133

The Philippine Sugar Estates Development Co.v.United States 138

EDITOR’S NOTE: Change of Sovereignty and Private Rights 142

CHAPTER Ⅳ—NATIONALITY 144

Tunis-Morocco Nationality Decrees 144

Stoeck v.Public Trustee 150

Great Britain （R.J.Lynch Claim） v.United Mexican States 153

EDITOR’S NOTE: Nationality 156

Treaty Concerning Minorities in Poland 163

EDITOR’S NOTE: Dual Nationality 164

Hague Convention （1930） on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict ofNationality Laws 166

CHAPTER Ⅴ—TERRITORY IN THE LAW OF NATIONS 170

McLean, J., in Williams v.Suffolk Insurance Co 170

Clipperton Island Arbitration 170

The Island of Palmas （Miangas） Arbitration 173

EDITOR’S NOTE: Acquisition of Territory 182

New Jersey v.Delaware 183

The Chamizal Arbitration 189

The Elida 194

EDITOR’S NOTE: Territorial Waters 196

North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration 197

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Territoriality of Bays 201

The Faber Case 202

Barcelona Statute on the Regime of Navigable Waterways of International Concern 208

EDITOR’S NOTE: International Rivers 209

North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration 210

EDITOR’S NOTE: State Servitudes 215

CHAPTER Ⅵ—JURISDICTIONAL RIGHTS AND IMMUNITIES OF FOREIGN STATES IN THE COURTS OF OTHER STATES 216

Ⅰ.RIGHTS OR PRIVILEGES THE RIGHT To SUE. THE ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN LAWS AND JUDGMENTS 216

Emperor of Austria v.Day and Kossuth 216

H.M.The Queen of Holland v.Drukker 220

EDITOR’S NOTE: Enforcement of Foreign Penal Laws and Revenue Laws 222

Grubel v.Nassauer 222

Hilton v.Guyot 225

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdictional Rights of Foreign States 232

Ⅱ.IMMUNITIES 234

Dexter & Carpenter v.Kunglig Jarnvagsstyrelsen 234

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdictional Immunities of Foreign States 239

PUBLIC SHIPS 241

The Schooner Exchange v.McFaddon 241

Berizzi Brothers Co.v.S.S.Pesaro 246

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdictional Immunities of Public Ships 248

The Navemar 251

OTHER PROPERTY OF FOREIGN STATES 257

Vavasseur v.Krupp 257

French Republic v.Board of Supervisors of Jefferson County 260

EDITOR’S NOTE: Immunities of Foreign States for Acts Jure Gestionis 262

ARE ALL STATE AGENCIES ENTITLED TO IMMUNITIES BEFORE THE COURTS OF FOREIGN STATES? 263

United States v.Deutsches Kalisyndikat Gesellschaft 263

CHAPTERⅦ—JURISDICTION OVER PERSONS； EXTRATERRITORIALITY； EXTRADITION 269

Ⅰ.JURISDICTION OVER NATIONALS ABROAD 269

American Banana Co.v.United Fruit Co 269

Blackmer v.United States 273

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdiction over Nationals Abroad 275

Ⅱ.EXTRATERRITORIALITY 276

In re Ross 276

EDITOR’S NOTE: Extraterritoriality 282

Ⅲ.JURISDICTION OVER ALIENS WITH RESPECT TO CRIME 283

The Cutting Case 283

The Steamship Lotus 287

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdiction over Aliens with Respect to Crime 302

Ⅳ.EXTRADITION 305

Factor v.Laubenheimer 305

EDITOR’S NOTE: Extradition 313

CHAPTER Ⅷ—JURISDICTION OVER VESSELS 318

Ⅰ.JURISDICTION OVER NATIONAL VESSELS 318

Regina v.Anderson 318

Regina v.Leslie 320

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdiction over National Vessels 322

Ⅱ.JURISDICTION OVER VESSELS OF OTHER STATES 324

A.IN TERRITORIAL WATERS 324

Wildenhus’ Case 324

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdiction over Merchant Vessels of Other States in Territorial Waters 329

Hague Draft Convention on the Legal Status of the Territorial Sea （ 1930） 334

B.ON THE HIGH SEAS 336

1.HOVERING VESSELS 336

Church v.Hubbart 336

The Grace and Ruby 340

Cook v.United States 343

U.S.Anti-Smuggling Act of August 5, 1935 352

EDITOR’S NOTE: Jurisdiction over Hovering Vessels 353

2.HOT PURSUIT 357

EDITOR’S NOTE: Hot Pursuit 357

The I’m Alone 358

3.PIRACY 361

In re Piracy Jure Gentium 361

EDITOR’S NOTE: Piracy 369

4.COLLISIONS 370

EDITOR’S NOTE: Collisions 370

CHAPTER Ⅸ—STATUS AND IMMUNITIES OF DIPLOMATS AND CONSULS 373

Ⅰ.STATUS OF DIPLOMATIC AGENTS 373

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Customary Basis of Diplomatic Privileges and Im- munities 373

Engelke v.Musmann 373

EDITOR’S NOTE: Status of Diplomats 378

V.v.D 379

Ⅱ.IMMUNITIES AND PRIVILEGES OF DIPLOMATIC AGENTS 381

EDITOR’S NOTE: Personal Privileges and Immunities 381

Salm v.Frazier 382

EDITOR’S NOTE: Exemption from Jurisdiction and Liability 383

British Act for Preserving the Privileges of Ambassadors, 7 Anne, c.12 384

Protection of Foreign Diplomatic Agents in the United States 386

EDITOR’S NOTE: Exemption from Taxes； Asylum； Transit 387

Dickinson v.Del Solar 389

EDITOR’S NOTE: Waiver and Termination of Immunity 390

Ⅲ.STATUS AND FUNCTIONS OF CONSULS 391

Barbuit’s Case 391

Bigelow v.Princess Zizianoff 393

People v.Savitch 397

United States v.Trumbull 398

EDITOR’S NOTE: Status and Immunities of Consuls 402

L.F.Oppenheim on Status and Immunities of Consuls 403

United States-Finland: Consular Convention of February 13, 1934 403

CHAPTER Ⅹ—THE LAW OF TREATIES 406

Ⅰ.NATURE, FORM, AND EFFECT 406

A.NATURE AND FORM 406

Altman & Co.v.United States 406

EDITOR’S NOTE: Treaties: Nature； Form； Capacity to Make 409

B.WHEN DOES A TREATY COME INTO FORCE? 411

The Eliza Ann 411

Haver v.Yaker 414

Kotzias v.Tyser 416

EDITOR’S NOTE: Treaties: Entry into Force； Registration 417

C.OBLIGATION OF A SIGNATORY PRIOR TO THE COMING INTO FORCE OF A TREATY 419

Davis v.Police Jury of Concordia 419

Iloilo Claims 424

EDITOR’S NOTE: Treaties: Obligation Prior to Entry into Force 427

D.TREATIES AS INTERNAL LAW 428

Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig 428

EDITOR’S NOTE: Treaties as Internal Law 432

Ⅱ.INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES 436

A.WHO MAY INTERPRET TREATIES? 436

Ministere Public v.King 436

The David J.Adams 438

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Interpretation of Treaties 445

B.CANONS OF INTERPRETATION 446

EDITOR’S NOTE: Canons of Interpretation 446

Ⅲ.EFFECT OF WAR ON TREATIES 449

S.H.H.v.L.CH.in Paris 449

Techt v.Hughes 451

EDITOR’S NOTE: E 458

ect of War on Treaties 458

Ⅳ.TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF TREATIES 460

A.TERMINATION 460

1.BY MUTUAL CONSENT 460

United States-Germany: Termination of Parts of Treaty of December 8, 1923 460

S.E.v.G.and Gen 462

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Termination of Treaties by Mutual Agreement 466

2.BY EXTINCTION OF PARTY 468

Terlinaen v.Ames 468

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Termination of Treaties by Extinction of Party 473

3.BY DENUNCIATION 474

Denunciation by Russia of Black Sea Neutralization Provisions 474

Denunciation by United States of Extradition Treaty with Greece 477

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Termination of Treaties by Denunciation 477

B.SUSPENSION 481

Renault v.Roussky-Renault Co 481

Lepeschkin v.Gossweiler & Co 483

EDITOR’S NOTE: Suspension of Treaties 485

CHAPTER ⅩⅠ—ALIENS 487

Fong Yue Ting v.United States 487

Boffolo Case 492

EDITOR’S NOTE: Exclusion and Expulsion of Aliens 496

Johnstone v.Pedlar 497

EDITOR’S NOTE: of Aliens 501

CHAPTER ⅩⅡ—THE LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS 503

Ⅰ.THE ALIEN ENTERS A COUNTRY SUBJECT TO THE LOCAL LAW—THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 503

United States （Rosa Gelbtrunk Claim） v.Salvador 503

United States （Neer Claim） v.United Mexican States 505

EDITOR’S NOTE: National or Preferential Treatment for Aliens?—The International Standard 507

Ⅱ.FOR WHOSE ACTS AND OMISSIONS IS A STATE INTER- NATIONALLY RESPONSIBLE?—THE RULE OF LOCAL REMEDIES.—THE CALVO DOCTRINE 509

United States （Janes Claim） v.United Mexican States 509

United States （The R.T.Roy） v.Great Britain 517

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Rule of Local Remedies 518

Ⅲ.THE CALVO CLAUSE 522

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Calvo Clause 522

United States-Mexico: General Claims Convention of September 8, 1923 523

United States （North American Dredging Co.Claim） v.United Mexican States 524

F.K.Nielsen on the North American Dredging Co.Claim 533

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Calvo Clause 541

Ⅳ.CONTRACT CLAIMS 543

United States （Illinois Central R.R.Co.Claim） v.United Mexican States 543

Case of the Serbian Loans Issued in France 547

EDITOR’S NOTE: Contract Claims 557

Ⅴ.DENIAL OF JUSTICE 559

United States （Chattin Claim） v.United Mexican States 559

United States （Farrell Claim） v.United Mexican States 567

EDITOR’S NOTE: Denial of Justice 570

Ⅵ.STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTS OF MINOR OFFICIALS:SOLDIERS, POLICE, LOCAL AUTHORITIES 572

United States （Massey Claim） v.United Mexican States 572

United States （Kling Claim） v.United Mexican States 579

United States （Morton Claim） v.United Mexican States 586

United States （Gust Adams Claim） v.Panama 592

EDITOR’S NOTE: Responsibility for Acts of Minor Officials 593

Ⅶ.STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTS OF PRIVATE INDIVID-UALS.—FAILURE TO PROT.ECT ALIENS.—MOB VIOLENCE 595

United States （Chapman Claim） v.United Mexican States 595

United States （Noyes Claim） v.Panama 602

United States （Richeson Claim） v.Panama 603

United States （Youmans Claim） v.United Mexican States 606

EDITOR’S NOTE: Responsibility for Acts of Private Individuals 613

Ⅷ.STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTS OF REVOLUTIONISTS AND INSURGENTS 615

Italy （Sambiaggio Claim） v.Venezuela 615

EDITOR’S NOTE: Responsibility for Acts of Revolutionists and Insurgents 620

Ⅸ.THE PUBLIC NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS 621

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Public Nature of International Claims 621

United States （The Tattler Claim） v.Great Britain 623

Ⅹ.NATIONALITY OF CLAIMS 624

United States-Germany: Administrative Decision No.5 624

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Nationality of Claims 631

ⅩⅠ.NATURE AND MEASURE OF DAMAGES 633

The Lusitania Cases 633

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Naturc and Measure of Damages 640

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ-PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF INTER- NATIONAL DISPUTES 645

Ⅰ.CONCILIATION 645

Hague Convention 1 of 1907 for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes: Parts Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ 645

United States-France: ‘Bryan’ Treaty of September 15, 1914 648

Covenant of the League of Nations:.Articles 10-17 649

‘Gondra’ Treaty of 1923. .652. 654

General Convention of Inter-American Conciliation （1929） 654

Ⅱ.ARBITRATIQN 656

Hague Convention 1 of 1907: Part Ⅳ 656

France-Great Britain: Arbitration Treaty of October 14, 1903 658

France-Germany: Locarno Arbitration Treaty of October 16, 1925. 659

United States-France: ‘Kellogg’ Arbitration Treaty of February 6, 1928. 661

Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice 662

Geneva General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes 666

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Justiciability of Disputes 671

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ—HOSTILE MEASURES SHORT OF WAR 673

Ⅰ.RETORSION. ARMED FORCE. REPRISALS. PACIFIC BLOCKADE 673

United States, Act of April 18, 1818 673

Perrin v.United States 673

United States, Joint Resolution of April 22, 1914 676

Naulilaa Incident 677

The Venezuelan Preferential Case 679

EDITOR’S NOTE: Hostile Measures Short of War 682

Ⅱ.SANCTIONS 690

Covenant of the League of Nations: Article 16 690

Legal Position of Non-Members Towards League Sanctions （Extracts from 1927 Report of the.Secretary-General on Article 16） 691

Non-Recognition of “Manchukuo”: Measures Proposed by League Advisory Committee, 1933 693

Sanctions Against Italy （Extracts from 1936 Report of the Secretary-General） 698

Reports of the Legal.Sub-Committee 710

EDITOR’S.NOTE: League Sanctions 713

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ—WAR 716

Ⅰ.THE LEGAL NATURE OF WAR 716

The Kellogg Pact 716

Argentine Anti-War Treaty, 1933 717

EDITOR’S NOTE: The Meaning of ‘War.When Does War Exist? 718

Ⅱ.CIVIL WAR.BELLIGERENCY.INSURGENCY 725

The.Prize Cases 725

EDITOR’S NOTE: Civil War.Belligerency 729

United States （Oriental Navigation Co.Claim） v.United Mexican States 733

Closure of Insurgent Ports in Spain: Policy of the United States, 1936 735

The Ambrose Light 736

Havana Convention on the Rights and Duties of States in Civil Strife, 1928 742

EDITOR’S NOTE: Insurgency 743

Ⅲ.CONDUCT OF HOSTILITIES 749

United States （Christian Damson Claim） v.Germany 749

EDITOR’S NOTE: Combatants and Non-Combatants 754

Coenca Brothers v.The German State 756

EDITOR’S NOTE: Conduct of Hostilities 758

The Lusitania 761

EDITOR’S NOTE: Armed Merchantmen 766

Case of Dithmar and Boldt 767

Submarine Treaty of Washington, February 6, 1922 774

Submarine Clause of London Naval Treaty, April 22, 1930 775

Ⅳ.ARMISTICE.END OF WAR 776

Commercial Cable Co.v.Burleson 776

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ—LEGAL EFFECT OF WAR ON PRIVATE RIGHTS 779

Ⅰ.ENEMY ALIENS 779

A.LIMITATIONS ON PERSONAL LIBERTY 779

Ex parte Graber 779

EDITOR’S NOTE: Internment of Enemy Aliens 783

B.JUDICIAL REMEDIES 783

Porter v.Freudenberg 783

Posselt v.D’Espard 788

EDITOR’S NOTE: Judicial Remedies of Enemy Aliens 789

C.PROPERTY 790

Brown v.United States 790

In re Ferdinand, Ex-Tsar of Bulgaria 796

EDITOR’S NOTE: Property of Enemy Aliens 800

Ⅱ.INTERCOURSE WITH THE ENEMY 801

A.TRADE WITH THE ENEMY 801

The Rapid 801

EDITOR’S NOTE: Trade with the Enemy 804

B.CONTRACTS WITH THE ENEMY 804

New York Life Insurance Co.v.Statham 804

Sutherland v.Mayer 807

Ertel Bieber & Co.v.Rio Tinto Co 814

EDITOR’S NOTE: Contracts with the Enemy 820

Ⅲ.ENEMY CHARACTER 820

A.PERSONS 820

The Anglo-Mexican 820

Salti et Fils v.The Procurator-General 826

EDITOR’S NOTE: Enemy Character 828

B.CORPORATIONS 829

Daimler Co.v.Continental Tyre & Rubber Co 829

EDITOR’S NOTE: Enemy Character of Corporations 834

C.PROPERTY 834

Thirty Hogsheads of Sugar v.Boyle 834

CHAPTER ⅩⅦ—RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF NEUTRAL STATES 838

Pearson v.Allis-Chalmers Co 838

United States, Neutrality Act of May 1, 1937 844

Hague Convention V of 1907: Rights and Duties of Neutrals in War on Land 849

Hague Convention ⅩⅢ of 1907: Rights and Duties of Neutrals in Naval War 852

The Appam 855

EDITOR’S NOTE: Neutral Rights and Duties 860

The Alabama Claims 866

The Pellworm 871

The Brig General Armstrong 877

The Stigstad 880

EDITOR’S NOTE: Consequences of Violations of Neutrality 885

CHAPTER ⅩⅧ—NEUTRAL RIGHTS AND MARITIME LAW 888

Ⅰ.VISIT AND SEARCH 888

The Maria, Paulsen 888

Netherlands American Steam Navigation Co.v.H.M.Procurator General 891

The Bernisse and The Elve 894

EDITOR’S NOTE: Visit and Search 897

Ⅱ.BLOCKADE.CONTINUOUS VOYAGE 900

The Franciska 900

The Peterhoff 905

Declaration of London: Articles 1-21 908

EDITOR’S NOTE: Blockade.Continuous Voyage 910

Ⅲ.CONTRABAND.CONTINUOUS VOYAGE 916

Declaration of Paris 916

The Peterhoff 917

The Prometheus 918

The Hakan 923

The Kim 928

EDITOR’S NOTE: Contraband.Continuous Voyage 937

Ⅳ.PRIZE COURTS: JURISDICTION, LAW, AND PROCEDURE 941

The Sudmark （No.2） 941

Ten Bales of Silk at Port Said 943

The Zanora 947

The Louisiana 955

Excerpts from the Opinion of William Pinkney in The Betsey 960

EDITOR’S NOTE: Prize Courts and Prize Law 966

INDEX 975

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