NEW FRONTIERS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW VOLUME 25PDF电子书下载

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Part 1 - IP Cultural Heritage 1

1 Back to the Future: Intellectual Property Rights and the Modernisation of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Bryan Bachner 1

Introduction 1

A. Introduction 1

B. "Open Sources": Feudal Times 3

C. Modern Times 8

Ⅰ. "Open Secrets": 1949 to the late 1980s 11

Ⅱ. "Closed Secrets": The Reform Period 13

1. The Constitution 14

2. International Law 14

3. Patent Law 20

4. Regulations on the Protection of TCM 25

5. Trade Secrets 27

6. Law on the Administration of Pharmiaceuticals 28

7. Plant Variety Regulations 29

8. Trade Marks 30

9. Biotechnology 31

10. Copyright 32

C. Conclusion 34

2 Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights in Australia and Southeast Asia&Christoph Anions 37

A. International Efforts to Harmonise Legal Approaches to Folklore and Traditional Knowledge Protection 37

B. The Diversity of Approaches: Folklore and Traditional Knowledge Protection in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia 38

C. The National Approaches in Detail 44

Ⅰ. Australia 44

Ⅱ. The Philippines 45

Ⅲ. Indonesia 48

D. Conclusion 50

3 Copyright Collecting Societies in Developing Countries: Possibilities and Dangers&Sibylle E Schlatter 53

A. Introduction 53

Ⅰ. The Role of the Arts in Developing Countries 53

Ⅱ. International Distribution of Traditional Music 53

Ⅲ. The Role of Collecting Societies 54

B. Basic Questions on the Structure of a Collecting Society 56

Ⅰ. Legal Nature of Collecting Societies 56

Ⅱ. Which Rights Should Be Enforced Through a Collecting Society? 61

C. Minimum Contents of the Articles of Incorporation or Statutes of Association 63

D. Further Rules on the Organisation, Activity, Membership, and Users 64

E. State Control and Legal Remedies in the Case of Conflicts 66

4 Maori Culture and Trade Mark Law in New Zealand&Earl Gray 71

A. Introduction 71

B. Background 72

Ⅰ. History of Settlement 72

Ⅱ. The Treaty of Waitangi 72

Ⅲ. Maori World View 73

Ⅳ. Concepts of Matauranga Maori and Taonga (traditional knowledge and treasures) 74

Ⅴ. Maori Concept of Property and Rights/Differences from the "European" View and Intellectual Property Systems 75

C. Maori Concerns with Intellectual Property 76

Ⅰ. No Adequate Protection for Maori Traditional Knowledge and Treasures 76

Ⅱ. Conflict with Exclusivity Granted by IP Rights 79

Ⅲ. No Control Over the Use of Maori Intellectual Property 82

Ⅳ. Wai 262 83

D. Maori Aims 85

Ⅰ. A Tikanga Maori (Customary) System to Govern Maori IP? 85

Ⅱ. The Maori Trade Marks Focus Group 85

E. Trade Marks Act 2002 - Traditional Words/Images as Trade Marks 87

Ⅰ. Section 17 87

Ⅱ. How Different Is This to What Was in Place Before? 88

Ⅲ. Criteria/Process - Delays and Costs of This New Procedure? 88

Ⅳ. Experience to Date 89

Ⅴ. A Limited Step 90

Ⅵ. What Are "Maori Words and Images"? 90

Ⅶ. "Maori Words and Images" Not Automatically Prevented from Registration 91

F. Other Tools Available for Indigenous IP Rights 91

G. Future - Where Are We Headed? 93

Glossary of Maori words/terms 93

Appendix 1 94

Appendix 2 95

Appendix 3 96

Part 2 - Geographical Indications 97

5 Geographical Indications: International, Bilateral and Regional Agreements&Christopher Heath 97

A. Introduction 97

B. International Agreements 97

Ⅰ. The Paris Convention 1883 97

Ⅱ. The Madrid Arrangement 1891 98

Ⅲ. The Versailles Peace Treaty 1919 100

Ⅳ. The Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin 1958 101

1. In General 101

2. Outline of the Agreement 101

3. Statistics 102

4. Registration Procedure 103

5. Scope of Protection 107

6. Judicial Review 112

Ⅴ. The TRIPS Agreement 119

C. Bilateral Treaties 121

D. Regional Agreements on Geographical Indications - Europe 125

Ⅰ. Legislative Framework in General 125

Ⅱ. The Council Regulation 2081/92 126

1. Scope 126

2. Procedure for Protection 126

3. Relationship to Trade Mark Law 127

4. Scope of Protection 128

5. Enforcement 128

Ⅲ. Relationship Between European and National Protection 131

Ⅳ. Statistics 132

6 Future Solutions for Protecting Geographical Indications Worldwide&Anselm Kamperman Sanders 133

A. Introduction 133

B. The Protection of Geographical Indications Prior to TRIPS 133

C. The Protection of Geographical Indications Under TRIPS 135

D. Ⅳ. GIs or Certification Marks 137

E. The Scope of Protection - Deceptive Use or "Expressive" Use 138

Ⅰ. Integrity of Information 138

Ⅱ. Product Differentiation 139

Ⅲ. Extension of Art. 23 TRIPS Protection to Products Other Than Wines and Spirits 141

F. Lowering the Costs of the GI system 143

G. Conclusion 145

Annex - TRIPS Agreement, Arts. 22-24 145

7 The Conflict Between Trade Marks and Geographical Indications - The Budweiser Case in Portugal&Antonio Corte-Real 149

A. Introduction 149

B. Trade Marks Containing a Geographical Indication 149

Ⅰ. In General 149

Ⅱ. Collective Marks 151

C. Conflicts Between Marks and Geographical Indications 152

Ⅰ. Trade Marks and Geographical Indications 152

Ⅱ. Generic Geographical Indications and Trade Marks 153

Ⅲ. Well-known Geographical Indications and Trade Marks 154

D. The Budweiser Case in Portugal 155

Ⅰ. Introduction and Facts 155

Ⅱ. Questions of Trade Mark Law 156

Ⅲ. Questions of the Law of Geographical Indications 156

1. The Czech Appellations of Origin 156

2. Bilateral Treaty 157

Part 3 - Multiple and Overprotection of IP Rights 161

8 Software and Computer-Related Inventions: Protection by Patent and Copyright&Giovanni F Casucci 161

A. The Definition of "Software" 161

B. Technical Issues Involved 162

C. The Legal Perspective: Object and Scope of Protection of the Possible Exclusive Rights 164

D. The Copyright Approach to Software Protection 165

E. The Patent Approach to Software Protection 166

1. The US 171

2. Japan 171

F. The Recent Draft Directive on the Patentability of Computer-implemented Inventions 172

G. The Competition Issues 174

H. The "Cumulation" of Rights 177

I. Conclusion 178

9 The Protection of Aesthetic Creations as Three-Dimensional Marks, Designs, Copyright or Under Unfair Competition&Christopher Heath 181

A. Introduction 181

B. Design Protection 181

Ⅰ. Design Protection in Europe 181

Ⅱ. Design Protection in the US 185

Ⅲ. Design Protection in Japan 186

C. Copyright Protection 187

Ⅰ. France 188

Ⅱ. Germany 188

Ⅲ. Austria 189

Ⅳ. Switzerland 190

Ⅴ. Italy 191

Ⅵ. The UK 191

Ⅶ. Japan 192

Ⅷ. The US 194

Ⅸ. Problems of Reciprocity 196

D. Three-dimensional Marks 196

Ⅰ. General Issues 196

Ⅱ. Distinctiveness 197

Ⅲ. Functionality and Other Obstacles 200

E. Slavish Imitation 207

Ⅰ. General Outline and International Developments 207

Ⅱ. Individual countries 209

F. Conclusion 212

10 Copyright, Contract and the Legal Protection of Technological Measures: Providing a Rationale to the 'Copyright Exceptions Interface'&Thomas Heide 215

Introduction 215

A. Why a Copyright Exceptions Interface Is Necessary 215

B. Copyright's Promotion of Innovation-Driven Competition: A Rationale for the 'Copyright Exceptions Interface' 216

Ⅰ. Copyright and 'Innovation-Driven Competition' 220

Ⅱ. The Effects of Innovation-driven Competition 221

Ⅲ. The Economic Case for the Copyright Exceptions Interface 222

C. Legislative attempts on the 'Copyright Interface" 229

Ⅰ. The DMCA and Copyright Directive: The Contract Interface 225

Ⅱ. The DMCA Technological Measures Interface 226

Ⅲ. The Copyright Directive Technological Measures Interface 227

Ⅳ The US and EU Copyright Exception Interfaces: Critique ＆ Evaluation 228

D. The EC Software Directive: A Model Precedent 230

Ⅰ. Contract Interface 230

Ⅱ. Technological Measures Interface 232

Ⅲ. A Model Interface 234

E. Conclusion 236

Appendix 1: Section 1201 of the U.S. Copyright Act, introduced with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 236

Appendix 2: Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society 240

Appendix 3: Council Directive 91/250/EEC of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs 242

11 Essential Facilities and Appropriate Remuneration of Achievements&Anselm Kamperman Sanders 245

A. Commodification of Information and the Depletion of the Commons 245

B. The EC Database Directive 247

C. Torts of Lore 250

D. Contract Law 250

E. Technical Protection Mechanisms 251

F. Is the Law is Stacked Against Commons? 253

G. The IPR Anti-trust Dichotomy 253

H. Abuse of a Dominant Position 254

I. Refusal to License or Supply 257

J. In Conclusion 265

12 Terminator Genes as "Technical" Protection Measures for Patents?&Stephen Hubicki and Brad Sherman 267

A. Introduction 267

B. Developing the Technology Protection System 269

C. Technical Details of the Technology Protection System 272

D. Implications of the Technology Protection System 276

E. Cost Benefit Analysis 278

F. Historical Parallels - Hybridisation 283

G. Technology Protection Systems and Intellectual Property 285

H. Conclusion 289

Part 4 - Enforcement 291

13 Enforcing Industrial Property Rights: Patent Protection From a Comparative Viewpoint&Dieter Stauder 291

A. Enforcement - A Key Current Issue 291

Ⅰ. The Need for Effective Protection of Rights 291

Ⅱ. Prohibition: The Most Important Sanction 292

Ⅲ. The European Movement in Intellectual Property 294

B. Infringement Proceedings - The Most Common Form of Legal Action in Industrial Property 295

Ⅰ. Types of Action in Intellectual Property 295

Ⅱ. Infringement Disputes - Towards a Definition 296

C. Characteristics of Patent Infringement Proceedings 296

Ⅰ. Frequency 296

Ⅱ. Typical Issues in Infringement Proceedings 297

Ⅲ. "Europeanised" Questions 300

Ⅳ. Main Factors in Practice 300

D. Requirements for an Efficient Procedure 301

14 Criminal Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights: Interaction Between Public Authorities and Private Interests&Gregor Urbas 303

A. Introduction 303

B. Definitions and Framework 304

Ⅰ. Intellectual Property Rights 304

Ⅱ. Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 304

Ⅲ. Public Enforcement 305

1. Arguments For Public Enforcement 305

2. Arguments Against Public Enforcement 306

Ⅳ. Legal Context 306

Ⅴ. Economic Context 307

Ⅵ. Policy Context 308

Ⅶ. Definitions and the TRIPS Agreement 308

Ⅷ. Impact of Intellectual Property Piracy 309

C. Regional Piracy Levels 310

Ⅰ. PR China 310

Ⅱ. India 311

Ⅲ. Indonesia 312

Ⅳ. Malaysia 312

Ⅴ. Philippines 313

Ⅵ. South Korea 313

Ⅶ. Taiwan 313

Ⅷ. Thailand 314

D. Regional Enforcement Action 314

Ⅰ. PR China, Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR 315

Ⅱ. Indonesia 315

Ⅲ. Malaysia 316

Ⅳ. Philippines / Singapore / Taiwan 318

Ⅴ. Thailand 320

E. Conclusion - Strengths and Weaknesses of Public Intellectual Property Enforcement 320

F. References 321

15 Recent Developments in Judicial Protection for Intellectual Property in China&Lu Guoqiang 323

A. In General 323

B. Recent Developments 324

16 The Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Hong Kong&Gabriela Kennedy and Henry Wheare 333

A. Introduction 333

B. Intellectual Property Laws in Hong Kong 333

C. Detection and Investigation of Infringements 333

Ⅰ. Discovering Infringements - The First Steps 333

Ⅱ. Private Investigators 334

Ⅲ. Investigation - The Next Step 334

D. Enforcing IP Rights in Hong Kong 335

Ⅰ. Customs and Excise - Criminal Actions 335

Ⅱ. Civil Actions 337

Ⅲ. Remedies Available 337

Ⅳ. Procedures for Taking Actions 338

Ⅴ. Preliminary Measures and Interlocutory Relief 338

Ⅵ. Pre-action Alternative to Interlocutory Proceedings 348

Ⅶ. Writ of Summons 350

Ⅷ. Statement of Claim 351

Ⅸ. Judgment in Default of Defence 351

Ⅹ. Summary Judgment 351

ⅩⅠ. Defence 352

ⅩⅡ. Reply (and Defence to Counterclaim) 352

ⅩⅢ. Discovery 353

ⅩⅣ. Witness Statements 353

ⅩⅤ. Trial 353

ⅩⅥ. Appeal 354

ⅩⅦ. Assessment of Damages 354

ⅩⅧ. Taxation of Costs 355

ⅩⅨ. Enforcement of Judgments and Orders 355

ⅩⅩ. Settlement 356

ⅩⅩⅠ. English Civil Procedure Rules and Report on Civil Justice Reform in Hong 356

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