AEROSPACE LAW TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITESPDF电子书下载

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Chapter 1:Preliminary Remarks 1

A.Basic technology 1

B.Advantages of Telecommunications Satellites 2

C.Satellite Telecommunications:Basic Notions 5

D.Telecommunications Satellites:Types 6

1.Active and passive satellites 6

2.Geostationary orbit satellites 6

3.Elliptical orbit satellites 7

4.Point-to-point satellites 7

5.Distribution satellites 8

6.Direct broadcast satellites 8

E.Instrumentalities of Satellite Telecommunications and the Aerospace Medium 9

F.Political and Legal Implications 12

Chapter 2:International Cooperation 15

A.International Non-governmental Organizations 17

1.The International Council of Scientific Unions 17

(a)The International Geophysical Year 18

(b)The Committee on Space Research 19

2.International Non-governmental organizations not affiliated with the ICSU 21

(a)The International Astronautical Federation 21

(b)The International Institute of Space Law 23

(c)The International Law Association 24

(d)The Institute of International Law 26

(e)The World Peace Through Law Center 26

B.International Inter-governmental Organizations 28

1.The United Nations 28

(a)The competence of the United Nations 28

(b)The General Assembly 29

(c)The Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) 32

(d)The Working Group on DBS 33

(e)The Working Group on a Navigational Services Satellite System 36

(f)The Outer Space Affairs Division 37

(g)The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 39

2.The International Telecommunication Union 40

(a)General activities 40

(b)Technical assistance activities 41

3.The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 43

(a)General activities 43

(b)Promotion of international agreements 44

(c)Declaration of Guiding Principles on the Free Flow of Information 44

(d)Declaration on Fundamental Principles Concerning the Mass Media 49

(e)Assistance to member States 50

4.Other organizations 51

C.Regional Cooperation 52

1.Western Europe 53

(a)The European Postal and Telecommunications Conference 53

(b)The European Conference on Telecommunications Satellites 53

(c)The European Space Conference (ESC) 55

2.Eastern Europe:INTERCOSMOS 58

3.Other organizations 59

Chapter 3:Telecommunications Satellites and International Law 61

A.The Jurisdiction of States 63

1.Fixed installation 64

2.Broadcasting services services 66

B.Responsibility of States 71

C.Aerospace Law and Telecommunications Satellites 73

1.Compliance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations 74

2."The Common Heritage of Mankind" principle 76

3.Freedom of exploration and use and its limitations 80

4.State responsibility 81

5.State liability 82

6.Registration 83

Chapter 4:The International Telecommunication Union 85

A.The Purpose and Structure of the ITU 85

B.The ITU's Regulatory Regime before the Space Age 87

C.A Regulatory Regime for the Radio Spectrum 93

D.Regulation of the Use of the Geostationary Orbit 103

Chapter 5:The Commercial Use of Telecommunications Satellites 107

A.Global Coverage 108

1.INTELSAT 108

(a)Origin and scope 108

(b)Nature 111

(c)Legal personality 112

(d)Structure of the organization 115

(e)Membership 123

(f)Rights and obligations of members 125

(g)Intersystem coordination 129

(h)Domestic public telecommunications and experimental services 131

(i)International public telecommunications services 133

(j)Specialized telecommunications services 139

2.INTERSPUTNIK 141

(a)Origin and scope 141

(b)Structure of the organization 143

(c)The possibility of closer links between INTELSAT and INTERSPUTNIK 144

3.Mobile (navigational) telecommunications satellite systems 145

(a)AEROSAT 146

(b)MAROTS/MARECS 147

(c)MARISAT 148

(d)INMARSAT 149

B.Regional Systems 153

1.The European Communications Satellite System (ECS) 153

(a)The European Space Agency 153

(b)The Interim EUTELSAT 155

2.The Arab League's ARABSAT system 157

3.The PALAPA-B regional system 159

C.Bilateral Experiments 160

1.Canada and the USA 160

2.France and Germany 162

3.India and the USA 163

D.National (Domestic) Systems 165

1.The United States 165

(a)Western Union's WESTAR system 166

(b)RCA's SATCOM system 166

(c)The COMSTAR system 167

(d)Satellite Business Systems 168

(e)Other planned systems 168

2.The Soviet Union 169

3.Canada 170

4.Indonesia 173

5.Planned systems of other countries 173

(a)Australia 174

(b)Brazil 174

(c)China 175

(d)India 176

(e)Japan 177

E.Telecommunications Satellite Systems:The use of the Radio Spectrum and the Geostationary Orbit 178

Chapter 6:Direct Broadcast Satellites 179

A.Technological Developments:Experiments and Projects 179

1.PEACESAT 179

2.ESA's direct broadcast satellites:H-Sat and L-Sat 180

3.NORDSAT 182

4.Other systems 184

B.Legal Issues 186

C.Law-making within COPUOS 187

1.General background 187

2.Arguments for and against prior agreement 189

D.National Sovereignty and Freedom of Information 194

1.The myth of absolute sovereignty and its corollaries of de facto equality and independence 195

2.Functional sovereignty and regulated freedom of information 196

Chapter 7:Specific Issues:"Piracy" and Transfer of Technology 199

A.The Prevention of Unauthorized Distribution of Programme carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite 199

B.The Participation of Developing States in Telecommunications by Satellite 203

Chapter 8:Concluding Remarks:Towards A New International Order for Survival 209

A.General International Law and Aerospace Law 209

B.The ITU:Mankind's Trustee for the Coordination of the Radio Spectrum 211

C.INTELSAT:An Example of Outer Space Use for the Benefit of Mankind 212

D.DBS:An Opportunity for Better International Understanding 213

E.Towards A New International Order for Survival 214

Appendices 217

Ⅰ The Outer Space Treaty 217

Ⅱ ITU Convention and Radio Regulations (Extracts) 222

Ⅲ INTELSAT Agreement (Extracts) 249

Ⅳ INTELSAT Operating Agreement (Extracts) 267

Ⅴ INTERSPUTNIK Agreement 277

Ⅵ INMARSAT Convention (Extracts) 285

Ⅶ INMARSAT Operating Agreement (Extracts) 297

Ⅷ ARABSAT Agreement 302

Ⅸ INTERIM EUTELSAT Agreement (Extracts) 312

Ⅹ INTERIM EUTELSAT Supplementary Agreement (ECS) 322

Ⅺ INTERIM EUTELSAT Supplementary Agreement (MAROTS) 326

Ⅻ The Brussels Convention of 1974 329

ⅩⅢ The Broadcasting Convention of 1936 333

ⅩⅣ COPUOS (Draft) Principles on Direct Broadcast Satellites (1981) 337

ⅩⅤ The Bogota Declaration of 1976 341

ⅩⅥ Resolution BP of the 1979 WARC (now Resolution 3) 345

Selected Bibliography 347

Index of Authors Cited 351

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