Science and criminal detectionPDF电子书下载

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1 The Carnage on the Roads 1

Alcohol and accidents 1

Alcohol in the breath 2

The blood alcohol level 4

The hit and run driver 6

Clearance from the body 7

Intake 10

Drunk or sober? 11

Speed and accidents 12

The mathematical aspect 12

2 Drugs 15

Some general facts 16

The forensic scientist's role 18

The first steps 18

The sophisticated stage 19

Separating out the drug 20

Chromatography 20

Thin layer chromatography 20

Gas chromatography 21

High pressure liquid chromatography 24

Immunoassays 26

Wider considerations 31

3 Trace Evidence-the Body Fluids 33

The major body fluid-blood 34

The ABO blood groups 35

The genetic markers 38

Matching of blood samples 39

Electrophoresis 41

DNA fingerprinting 44

Some body fluids other than blood 46

Blood spot distribution 47

4 The Slog of Particulate Matter, Hair and Fibres 51

Recovering trace evidence 54

Resolution of the microscope 56

Phase contrast 56

The polarising microscope 57

Comparison microscopy 57

The electron microscope 58

Gunshot residues (GSR) 60

Infra-red spectrometry 62

Mass spectrometry 62

Atomic absorption 64

X-ray diffraction 65

5 Marks 67

Marks and firearms 68

X-radiography 70

The laser 71

Electrostatics 74

Wounds 76

Manufacturer's marks 77

Fingerprints 79

6 White Collar Crime 82

The White Collar 'criminal' 82

Exposing forgeries 83

Cashpoint card swindles 88

Some electronic background 89

The hacker 90

Trapdoors 91

Trojan Horses 92

Logic bombs 92

Worms 92

Viruses 93

Remedies 93

7 The Electronic Arm of the Law 95

The fingerprint revolution 96

Databases and trace evidence 97

Watching the public 98

Monitoring crime 100

Visual identification 101

The question of balance 102

The right of access 102

8 The End of the Line 104

The expert witness 104

The Coroner's Court 105

The Magistrate's Court 106

The Crown Court 106

Nature of forensic evidence 107

The nature of the system 107

Trial by jury 108

The future 109

The sentence 110

9 Crime and the Citizen-a Personal Perspective 111

How much crime is there? 111

Is there really a criminal type? 112

Are there 'acceptable' areas of crime? 112

The unacceptable face of crime 113

Those at the receiving end 114

A last thought 115

Index 117

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