Part Ⅰ 1
The Fortieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Time More for Reflection than for Celebration&Philip Alston 1
The Universal Declaration in Space and Time&Asbjorn Eide 15
Part Ⅱ 33
Introduction Item 33
Human Rights as Individual and as Collective Rights&Peter R. Baehr and Koo VanderWal 33
Papers 39
Human Rights, Individual Rights and Collective Rights&Jack Donnelly 39
The Function of Human Rights as Individual and Collective Rights&J. Herman Burgers 63
Three Generations of Human Rights&Cees Flinterman 75
Collective Human Rights: A Western View&Koo VanderWal 83
Human Rights and Peoples' Rights&Peter R. Baehr 99
Part Ⅲ 109
Introduction Item 109
Social and Religious Attitudes toward Human Rights&Jan Berting and Cees Flinterman 109
Papers 115
Understanding Human Rights in Africa&Olusola Ojo 115
Asian Cultures and Human Rights&Mochtar Lubis 125
Human Rights and Liberties in Islam&Ahmad Farrag 133
Islam and the Ideals of the Enlightenment&Willem F. Heinemeijer 145
European Culture, Individual Rights, Collective Rights&Guy Haarscher 149
The Socialist Conception of Human Rights: The Polish Perspective&Anna Michalska 155
Part Ⅳ 167
Introduction Item 167
Social Transformation and Human Rights&J. Herman Burgers and Rob Kroes 167
Papers 171
Human Rights and the Acquisition of National Sovereignty&Samuel O. Gyandoh, Jr. 171
Societal Change, Human Rights and the Welfare State in Europe&Jan Berting 189
The Human Rights Tradition in the United States&Rob Kroes 209
Western Law and Legal Perceptions in the Third World&Keebet von Benda-Beckmann 225
The Dialectics of Western Law in a Non-Western World&Bastiaan de Gaay Fortman 237
Part Ⅴ 251
Introduction Item 251
The Right to Cultural Identity&J. Herman Burgers 251
Paper 255
The Right to Cultural Identity&Rodolfo Stavenhagen 255
List of Participants of the Middelburg Conference 259