量子力学导论 第4版 影印版 英文PDF电子书下载

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1.The Quantization of Physical Quantities 1

1.1 Light Quanta 1

1.2 The Photoelectric Effect 1

1.3 The Compton Effect 2

1.4 The Ritz Combination Principle 4

1.5 The Franck-Hertz Experiment 4

1.6 The Stern-Gerlach Experiment 5

1.7 Biographical Notes 5

2.The Radiation Laws 9

2.1 A Preview of the Radiation of Bodies 9

2.2 What is Cavity Radiation？ 10

2.3 The Rayleigh-Jeans Radiation Law：The Electromagnetic Eigenmodes of a Cavity 14

2.4 Planck’s Radiation Law 16

2.5 Biographical Notes 26

3.Wave Aspects of Matter 29

3.1 De Broglie Waves 29

3.2 The Diffraction of Matter Waves 34

3.3 The Statistical Interpretation of Matter Waves 38

3.4 Mean（Expectation）Values in Quantum Mechanics 43

3.5 Three Quantum Mechanical Operators 46

3.6 The Superposition Principle in Quantum Mechanics 48

3.7 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 51

3.8 Biographical Notes 65

4.Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics I 67

4.1 Properties of Operators 67

4.2 Combining Two Operators 68

4.3 Bra and Ket Notation 69

4.4 Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions 70

4.5 Measurability of Different Observables at Equal Times 76

4.6 Position and Momentum Operators 78

4.7 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Relations for Arbitrary Observables 79

4.8 Angular-Momentum Operators 81

4.9 Kinetic Energy 85

4.10 Total Energy 85

4.11 Biographical Notes 103

5.Mathematical Supplement 105

5.1 Eigendifferentials and the Normalization of Eigenfunctions for Continuous Spectra 105

5.2 Expansion into Eigenfunctions 108

6.The Schrodinger Equation 117

6.1 The Conservation of Particle Number in Quantum Mechanics 144

6.2 Stationary States 146

6.3 Properties of Stationary States 147

6.4 Biographical Notes 154

7.The Harmonic Oscillator 157

7.1 The Solution of the Oscillator Equation 163

7.2 The Description of the Harmonic Oscillator by Creation and Annihilation Operators 173

7.3 Properties of the Operators a and a＋ 174

7.4 Representation of the Oscillator Hamiltonian in Terms of a and a＋ 175

7.5 Interpretation of a and a＋ 176

7.6 Biographical Notes 182

8.The Transition from Classical to Quantum Mechanics 185

8.1 Motion of the Mean Values 185

8.2 Ehrenfest’s Theorem 186

8.3 Constants of Motion，Laws of Conservation 187

8.4 Quantization in Curvilinear Coordinates 190

8.5 Biographical Notes 203

9.Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields 205

9.1 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field 205

9.2 The Hydrogen Atom 217

9.3 Three-Dimensional Electron Densities 223

9.4 The Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms 226

9.5 Currents in the Hydrogen Atom 228

9.6 The Magnetic Moment 229

9.7 Hydrogen-like Atoms 230

9.8 Biographical Notes 244

10.The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Ⅱ 247

10.1 Representation Theory 247

10.2 Representation of Operators 251

10.3 The Eigenvalue Problem 260

10.4 Unitary Transformations 262

10.5 The S Matrix 264

10.6 The Schrodinger Equation in Matrix Form 266

10.7 The Schrodinger Representation 269

10.8 The Heisenberg Representation 269

10.9 The Interaction Representation 270

10.10 Biographical Notes 271

11.Perturbation Theory 273

11.1 Stationary Perturbation Theory 273

11.2 Degeneracy 277

11.3 The Ritz Variational Method 292

11.4 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory 295

11.5 Time-Independent Perturbation 300

11.6 Transitions Between Continuum States 302

11.7 Biographical Notes 327

12.Spin 329

12.1 Doublet Splitting 330

12.2 The Einstein-de Haas Experiment 332

12.3 The Mathematical Description of Spin 333

12.4 Wave Functions with Spin 336

12.5 The Pauli Equation 339

12.6 Biographical Notes 352

13.A Nonrelativistic Wave Equation with Spin 355

13.1 The Linearization of the Schrodinger Equation 355

13.2 Particles in an External Field and the Magnetic Moment 363

14.Elementary Aspects of the Quantum-Mechanical Many-Body Problem 367

14.1 The Conservation of the Total Momentum of a Particle System 371

14.2 Centre-of-Mass Motion of a System of Particles in Quantum Mechanics 373

14.3 Conservation of Total Angular Momentum in a Quantum-Mechanical Many-Particle System 377

14.4 Small Oscillations in a Many-Particle System 390

14.5 Biographical Notes 401

15.Identical Particles 403

15.1 The Pauli Principle 405

15.2 Exchange Degeneracy 405

15.3 The Slater Determinant 407

15.4 Biographical Notes 421

16.The Formal Framework of Quantum Mechanics 423

16.1 The Mathematical Foundation of Quantum Mechanics：Hilbert Space 423

16.2 Operators in Hilbert Space 426

16.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 427

16.4 Operators with Continuous or Discrete-Continuous（Mixed）Spectra 431

16.5 Operator Functions 433

16.6 Unitary Transformations 436

16.7 The Direct-Product Space 437

16.8 The Axioms of Quantum Mechanics 438

16.9 Free Particles 441

16.10 A Summary of Perturbation Theory 455

17.Conceptual and Philosophical Problems of Quantum Mechanics 459

17.1 Determinism 459

17.2 Locality 460

17.3 Hidden-Variable Theories 462

17.4 Bell’s Theorem 465

17.5 Measurement Theory 468

17.6 Schrodinger’s Cat 471

17.7 Subjective Theories 472

17.8 Classical Measurements 472

17.9 The Copenhagen Interpretation 473

17.10 Indelible Recording 474

17.11 The Splitting Universe 476

17.12 The Problem of Reality 477

Subject Index 479

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