ROMAN PRIVATE LAW IN THE TIMES OF CICERO AND OF THE ANTONINES VOLUME IPDF电子书下载

查看更多关于的内容

CONTENTS OF VOLUME Ⅰ. 1

INTRODUCTION. 1

A.Arrangement of Matter, 1

B.Sources of Law: Gaius’ account, 5

Further details: 1.Statutes； 2.Seuate’s decrees, 7

3.Imperial decreta, edicta, rescripta, mandata, 8

4.Praetor’s edict, 10

5.Responsa prudentium, 14

Principal lawyers, 15

C.Applicability of Roman law, 16

BOOk Ⅰ.CITIZENSHIP AND STATUS GENERALLY. 18

CHAP.Ⅰ.CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONS 18

A.Freemen: Romans, Latins, Foreigners, Dediticii, 18

B.Slaves, 19

CHAP.Ⅱ.ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP 21

A.By Birth : rules and exceptions, 21

Period of gestation, 22

B.By Grant: 22

1.to Italians, 22

2.to foreign communities, 23

3.to individuals, 24

4.to Roman world, 24

C.By Manumission 25

ⅰ.Form 25

1.censu, 25

2.vindicta, 25

3.testamento, 26

statuliber, 27

ⅱ.Effect and requirements of valid manumission 28

1.effect； 2.who can manumit ? 3.suis nummis emi, 28

4.lex Aelia Sentia: （a） age of parties, （b） intent to defraud creditors, （c） slaves’ conduct, 30

5.lex Fufia Caninia, 33

6.lex Julia, 34

D.Without manumission 35

1.reward for detection of master’s murder, 35

2.failure of promised manumission, 35

3.to preserve freedoms left by will 35

CHAPⅢ.GRADUAL ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP 36

A.Informal manumission, 36

Latini Juniani, 38

B.Acquisition of jus Quiritium by Latins, etc 38

1.under lex Aelia Sentia: causae probatio, 38

2.under senate’s decree: erroris probatio, 39

3.by formal manumission, 39

4.by three children, 40

5.by certain occupations, 40

6.by Emperor’s grant, 40

CHAPⅣVLoss oF CITIZENSHIP: capitis deninutio, 41

A.Consequent on loss of freedom: 41

1.capture by enemy, 41

2.non-enrolment, 43

3.sale for slaves, 43

4.cohabiting with slave, 43

5.capital punishment, 44

6.illegal domicile, 44

7.ungrateful freedmen, 44

B.Retaining freedom 44

1.becoming citizens of other communities, 44

2.interdictions from water and fire, 44

CHAPⅤ SUITS ABOUT FREEDOM: 47

A.Claim of freedom, 47

B.Claim of freebirth, 49

C.Limitation of time for suit, 50

BOOk ⅡFAMILY. 52

CHAPⅠ.OF THE HOUSEHOLD PROPER, 52

CHAPⅡ.SLAVES: their position and peculium, 53

CHAPⅢ.CHILDREN: patria potestas, 57

A.Come under power: 57

1.by birth, 57

2.by adoption, 58

（a） adoption proper, 60

（b） arrogation, 60

3.by grant, 62

B. 63

1.interdict de liberis exhibendis, 63

2.other procedure, 64

C.Position of children in potestate, 64

D.Castrense peculium, 66

CHAPⅣWIVES in manu 68

1.by use, 68

2.by spelt-loaf, 69

3.by copurchase, 70

CHAP.Ⅴ.MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD FOR TECHNICAL REASONS: 71

A.Women in hand, 71

1.tutelae evitandae causa, 72

2.testamenti faciendi causa, 73

B.Persons in handtake （in mancipio）, 73

1.in process of emancipation, 74

2.in process of adoption, 75

3.position of persons in handtake, 76

CHAP.Ⅵ.REMOVAL OF FATHERLY POWER, 77

CHAP.Ⅶ.AGNATI, 79

COGNATI, 80

GENs, 80

Capitis deminutio minima, 80

CHAP.Ⅷ ALIMONY, 81

CHAP.Ⅸ.PATRON AND FREEDMAN: 82

A.Position of freedman, 82

B.Who was patron? 82

C.Patron’s rights: 83

1.inheritance, 83

2.alimenta, 84

3.obsequium, 84

4.operae, 85

D.Praetor’s control, 89

E.Loss and non-acquisition of such rights, 90

F.Trial of Status, 92

CHAP.Ⅹ.GUARDIAN AND WARD, 92

A.Appointment of Guardiacs 93

1.by will, 93

2.by statute, 95

3.by praetor, etc., 97

B.Qualification and functions, 100

1.of guardians for women, 101

2.of guardians for impuberes, 103

C.Administration （for impuberes）, 103

D.Alienation of land forbidden, 108

E.Actions （against guardians of impuberes）: 109

1.tutelae judicium, 109

2.jud.rationibus distrahendis, 111

F.Liability of sureties and Inagistrates, 112

G.Liability of pro-guardians； of false guardians, 114

H.Excuses from guardianship, 115

Potioris nominatio, 118

J.Removal of guardians, 119

CHAP.ⅩⅠ.CARETAKERS: 121

1.for madmen and spendthrifts, 121

2.for deaf, dumb, etc. 122

3.in addition to guardian., 122

4.for minors, 123

5.special cases, 126

CHAP.ⅩⅡ.HUSBAND AND WIFE: 127

A.Conditions of lawful marriage, 127

1.conubium, 128

2.age, 131

3.consent, 131

Betrothal, 132

B.Dissolution of marriage, 133

Marriage with freedwomen, 135

C.Dowry, 136

Ⅰ.nature of husband’s liability, 137

Ⅱ.Establishment of Dowry, 139

Ⅲ.Content of Dowry: 141

1.conveyance of land, 141

2.grant of usufruct, 142

3.money, 143

4.Dos aestimata, 143

5.promise, 144

6.formal release, 144

7.relinquishment of legacy, etc., 145

8.legacy, 145

Ⅳ.Pacta dotalia, 145

Restoration during marriage, 147

Ⅴ.Fate of dowry on dissolution of marriage: 148

ⅰ.on wife’s death, 148

ⅱ.on husband’s death, 149

ⅲ.on divorce, 150

1.retentions, 150

（a） propter liberos, 150

（b） propter mores, 150

（c） propter impensas, 15O（d） propter res donatas, 151

（e） propter res amotas, 152

（f） for ransom of affines, 152

2.Apportionment of last year’s profits, 152

3.（a） judicium rei uxoriae, 153

（b） ex stipulatu, 156

Ⅵ.1.Judicium de moribus mulieris, 157

2.judicium rerum amotarum, 158

D.Gifts between husband and wife, 159

1.What is invalid gift? 160

Valid gifts: 2.between betrothed, 160

3.gifts not to take effect during marriage: 161

（a） donationis causa, 161

（b） relaxation of rule, 162

4.gifts which do not enrich or impoverish, 162

5.petty gifts and customary presents, 163

Recovery of invalid gifts, 164

Gifts between families of husband and wife, 165

CHAP.ⅩⅢ.ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF CHILDREN, 166

CHAP.ⅩⅣ 1.Concubinatus, 168

2.Contubernium, 169

BOOk Ⅲ.INHERITANCE. 171

CHAP.Ⅰ.HEREDITAS VACANS, 171

CHAP.Ⅱ.INHERITANCE BY WILL: 173

A.Will-making : 173

1.What is a will? 173

2.who can make a will? 174

3.how a will is made, 175

4.codicils, 181

5.opening a will, 184

6.SC.Silanianum, 185

B.Contents of will: 187

1.appointment of heir, 187

2.own heirs, 188

postumous, 191

3.who else can be heirs, 193

4.appointment of slaves as heirs, 195

5.conditional appointment of heirs, 198

6.distribution among heirs, 200

7.substitution, 202

pupillar wills, 203

C.How wills are broken or invalidated 207

1.Agnatione, 207

2.by adoption of child, 208

3.by later will, 208

4.by heir’s not entering, 209

5.by tearing, etc., 209

6.Capitis deminutione, 210

D.Plaint of unduteous will, 211

E.Soldiers’ wills, 216

CHAP.Ⅲ.INTESTATE SUCCESSION （TO FREEBORN CITIZENS） 218

A.By civil law under ⅩⅡ tables, 218

Stemma agnationis, 222

B.SC.Tertullianurn, 223

C.SC.Orfitianum, 225

D.Uncertain survivorship, 226

CHAP.Ⅳ.ACQUISITION OF INHERITANCE 227

A.Usucapio pro herede, 227

B.Transfer of inheritance, 228

C.Entry, 229

Cretio, 231

Pro herede gestio, 232

meddling with estate, 233

Entry at father’s or master’s order, 234

CHAP.Ⅴ.BONORUMM POSSESSIO 236

A.Character and protection 236

1.general character, 236

2.Agnitio, 238

3.interdictum quorum bonorumn, 239

4.interdictum quod legatorum, 240

B.Bonorum possessio contra tabulas 241

ⅰ.by children 241

1.children under power, 241

2.emancipated, 242

3.given in adoption, 243

4.father adopted, 243

5.acceptance of testator’s judgment, 244

6.condition of grant, 244

7.effect of disherison, 245

8.adjustments by praetor: 246

（a） joining of children, 246

contribution, （b） Collatio bonorum, 247

（c） Collatio dotis, 249

（d） saving of legacies to children and parents, 250

ⅱ.Bon.poss.by manumissor, 254

C.Bonor.poss.secundum tabulas, 255

D Bonor.poss.ab intestato （deceased being freeborn） 258

Defects Of old law, 258

Praetorian order: 1.Liberi, 259

2.Legitimi, 261

3.Cognati, 261

Stemma cognationis, 262

4.Vir et uxor, 264

5.Cognati manumissoris, 264

Time for deliberation, 264

E.Missio ventris in possessionem, 266

F.Carbonianum edictum, 268

CHAP.Ⅵ.SUCCESSION TO ROMAN FREEDMEN, etc.DECEASED 271

A.General view: 270

1.right of patron in estate of （a） freedman, 270

（b） of freedwoman, 271

2.right of patron’s son, etc., 271

3.right of patron’s daughter, etc., 271

4.right of patroness, 272

5.right of patroness’ son, 273

6.effect of SC.Orfitianum, 274

B.Patron’s claim to bon.poss.contra tabulas （further details）, 273

C.Patron’s claim to succession ab intestato: 276

ⅰ.by civil law, 276

ⅱ.by praetorian grant, 277

D.Succession to Latin freedmen, etc., 279

CHAP.Ⅶ 281

A.HEREDITATIs PETITIo, 281

SC.Juventianum, 283

B.Familiae erciscundae judicium, 287

CHAP.Ⅷ.LEGAcY, 293

A.How legacies are made 294

1.per vindicationem, 294

2.per damnationen, 295

3.sinendi modo, 297

4.per pracceptionem, 298

B.Who is liable to pay legacies ? 299

1.general, 299

2.substitute, 300

3.special case, 301

4.legacies to heirs, 301

5.when inheritance is sold, 302

6.omissa causa testamenti, 302

C.What legacies are invalid 303

1.preceding appointment of heir, 303

2.post mortem heredis, 304

3.poenae causa, 304； 304

4.parts of buildings, 304

5.want of testamenti factio, 305

6.to person in potestate heredis, 305

7.to father or master of heir, 306

8.to uncertain person, 306

9.to alien postumous child, 307

10.to towns, 307

11.Not vitiated by mistake in description, 307

12.in reason, 308

13.by insolvent testator or to incapable person, 308

D.Renouncement of legacy, 308

E.Repetition of legacy, 309

F.Ademption and transference of legacy, 310

G.Vesting of legacy （dies cedit）, 312

H.Fulfilment of conditions of legacy or freedom 315

1.joint or disjoint, 315

2.several conditions, 315

3.consent of heir, 316

4.fulfilment hindered, 316

5.impossible condition, 317

6.disgraceful condition, 317

7.in restraint of marriage, 317

8.Muciana cautio, 318

9.conditions of freedom, viz. 319

（a） to perform services, 319

（b） to give or perform something, 319

（c） to give accounts, 321

（d） an impossible condition, 322

10.legatum sub modo, 322

J.Place and time of payment, 322

K.Contents of legacy, 324

1.a share of estate, 325

2.a specific thing, 326

3.generic thing, 329

4.option, 329

L.Special legacies: 330

1.usufruct, 330

2.reditus, 331

3.annuity, 331

4.alimenta, 331

5.nomen, 332

6.release, 333

7.debt, 333

8.dowrry 335

9.peculium, 337

10.instrumentum, 339

11.fundus instructus, 339

12.house, etc.and contents, 340

13.uxoris causa parata, 340

14.suppellex, 341

15.aurum, argentum, 341

16.ornamenta, 342

17.mundus muliebris, 342

18.vestis, 342

19.penus, 342

20.wine, 343

21.various expressions, 344

22.‘my own’ slaves, etc., 344

M. Restrictions on amount of legacies 344

lex Furia, 344

lex Voconia, 345

lex Falcidia, 345

N.Protection of legatees, 354

CHAPⅨ.TRUSTS （FIDEIC0MMISSA） 356

A. 356

1.history and effect, 356

2.terms of creation, 357

3.what will bear a trust, 358

4.execution of trust, 360

5.invalid trusts, 361

6.family trusts, 361

7.dying sine liberis 363

8.trusts for freedom to slaves, 363

9.partial failure, 364

10.SC.Rubrianum, Dasumianum, Vitrasianum, Articuleianum,Juncianum, 365

11.extraordinary favour to trusts for freedom, 366

B.Differences between direct disposition and trusts, 366

C.Transference by heir at law to heir by trust 370

SC.Trebellianum, 370

Pegasianum, 371

Voluntary transference, 372

Transference under compulsion, 376

CHAP.Ⅹ. 379

A.RESTRICTIONS ON CAPACITY OF CHILDLESS PERSONS. 379

L..ex Julia et Papia Poppaea, 379

B.Caduca, 383

C.Forfeiture of legacies and inheritance, 384

CHAP.ⅩⅠ.CONNEXION OF SACRA WITH DECEASED’S ESTATE, 387

CHAP.ⅩⅡ.OF BURIALS AND GRAVES 390

1.whose duty, 390

2.charge, 391

3.effect on ground, 391

4.family and hereditary tomb, 393

5.violation of tombs, 394

APPENDIX To BOOk Ⅲ CHAP.Ⅳ C. 396

Cretio in Ciceron.Att.xi 12； xiii 46, 396

Book Ⅳ.PROPERTY. 408

CHAP.Ⅰ.WHAT THINGS ARE NOT PRIVATE PROPERTY ? 408

1.res sacrae, religiosae, sanctae, 408

2.things public, 409； 408

3.protection of use of public and sacred places: 410

（a） general, 410

（b） sea shore, 410

（c） public rivers, 411

（d） roads, 411

（e） places, 412

（f） sacred places, 412

CHAP.Ⅱ.DISTINCTIONS OF THINGS AND OF RIGHTS, 413

CHAP.Ⅲ. 414

A.OWNERSHIP.Restrictions on same, 414

B.Original acquisition 415

1.by occupation, 415

（a） of animals, 416

（b） jewels and things abandoned, 416

（c） treasure trove, 417

2.by alluvion, 417

3.of fruits, 418

4.by capture from enemy, 419

C.Derivative acquisition 419

1.by combination, 419

2.by specification, 421

3.by adjudication, 422

4.by will （see Book Ⅲ）. 423

D.Voluntary transference inter vivos, 423

（a） mancipation, 423

（b） in jure cessio, 425

（c） traditio, 426

（d） effect of informal transfer, 427

Ownership ex jure Quiritium and in bonis, 428

（e） provincial lands, 429

E.Restrictions on alienation: 430

1.by women, 430

2.by wards, 431

F.Alienation by non-owners, 432

G.Acquisition: 432

ⅰ.through persons in potestate, etc. 432

1.children and slaves, 432

2.women in hand and persons in handtake, 434

3.slaves in usufruct, 435

4.persons bona fide possessed, 436

ⅱ.acquisition through persons not in potestate, 437

H.Actions to ascertain property: 438

1.rei vindicatio, 438

2.Publiciana in rem actio, 443

3.ad exhibendum, 447

4.finium regundorum, 449

CHAP.Ⅳ. 451

A.PoSSESSION: 451

1.different kinds, 451

2.conditions of possession through others, 455

3.acquisition of possession, 456

4.loss of possession, 458

B.Protection of possession 460

1.interdictum uti possidetis, 460

2.int.utrubi, 461

3.int.de vi, 462

4.int.de vi armata, 465

5.precarium, 466

C.Usucapion 467

ⅰ.general, 467

requires1.civil possession, 468

2.for certain period, 469

3.uninterrupted, 470

4.honestly acquired, 471

5.what things are incapable of usucapion, 474

ⅱ.special cases, 477

1.pro herede, 227

2.usureceptio ex fiducia, 477

3.usureceptio ex praediatvra, 478

praedibus praediisque cavere, 479

D.Prescription, 483

CHAP.Ⅴ.SERVITUDES, 484

Personal:1.Ususfructus 484

（a） character, 484

（b） rights, 484

（c） bond, 487

（d） special usufructs, 487

（e） creation, 489

（f） extinction, 490

（g） transfer, 491

（h） acquisition through others, 493

（j） division and account, 494

（k） action, 495

2.fructus, 496

3.operae, 496

4.usus, 496

5.habitatio, 497

CHAP.Ⅵ.SERVITUDES （continued）.Predial: 497

1.character, 497

2.principal easements, 498

3.nature, 500

4.creation, 501

5.loss, 503

6.actions, 503

CHAP.Ⅶ.PROTECTION oF EAsEMENTs and the like: 505

1.interdictum de itinere, etc., 505

2.int.de aqua, 506

3.int.de rivis, 507

4.int.de cloacis, 508

5.int. de arboribus caedendis, 508

6.int.de glande legenda, 509

CHAP.Ⅷ.PROTECTION AGAINST NEIGHBOURS, etc. 509

1.damni infecti, 509

2.aquae pluviae arcendae, 515

3.operis novi nuntiatio, 517

4.interdictum quod vi aut clam, 520

CHAP.Ⅸ.GIFT 525

A.inter vivos: 525

1.nature, 525

2.lex Cincia, 526

3.Validity, 527

4.donor’s position, 529

5.gift by delegation, 529

6.gift for purpose, 529

7.miscellaneous, 530

B.Mortis causa donatio, 530

Mortis causa capere, 532

C.Pollicitatio, 533

APPENDIX To Book Ⅳ CHAP.Ⅵ. Recipere （of servitudes）, 534

查看更多关于的内容