CRIMINOLOGY A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE SECOND EDITIONPDF电子书下载

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PART Ⅰ: CRIME AND SOCIETY 3

CHAPTER 1 THE ORIGINS AND ROLE OF LAW IN SOCIETY&Rod Kueneman 3

Introduction 3

Patterns of Human Social Organization 4

Small-Scale Society 5

Dispute Settlement in Small-Scale Society 9

The Transformation from Small-Scale Society to the State 14

Modern State Systems 18

Summary 31

Bibliography 32

Further Reading 34

CHAPTER 2 CRIME, LAW, AND LEGAL DEFENCES&Graham Parker 37

Introduction 37

Sources of Criminal Law 38

A Definition of Crime 38

The Relativity of Crime 39

Classification of Crimes 42

General Principles of Criminal Liability 42

The Defences to a Criminal Charge 45

A Slightly Different View of the Criminal Law 48

The History of Criminal Law as a History of Proof and Procedure 48

The Problem of Theory 51

Summary 55

Bibliography 56

Further Reading 56

CHAPTER 3 COUNTING CRIME&John Evans and Alexander Himelfarb 57

Introduction 57

Statistics on the Criminal Justice System 61

How Much Crime? 65

Official Statistics: Canadian Uniform Crime Reports 68

Victimization Surveys 79

Victimization Surveys and the UCR 85

Self-Report Studies 86

Summary: The Future of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics 87

Bibliography 88

Further Reading 89

CHAPTER 4 CORRELATES OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR&Timothy F. Hartnagel 91

Correlates Defined 91

Age 92

Sex 97

Race 106

Social Class 113

Summary 120

Bibliography 121

Further Reading 125

CHAPTER 5 WOMEN AND CRIME&Elizabeth Comack 127

Working for Change: Violence against Women 127

Feminism in the Academy: Explaining Women's Criminality 147

Summary 158

Bibliography 159

Further Reading 162

PART Ⅱ: EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME 165

CHAPTER 6 EARLY THEORIES OF CRIMINOLOGY&Tullio Caputo and Rick Linden 165

Introduction 165

The Classical School 166

The Statistical School 171

Lombroso and the Positive School 172

Biological Theories in the Early Twentieth Century 176

Summary 180

Bibliography 181

Further Reading 182

CHAPTER 7 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IMPLICATED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOURS&Sheilagh Hodgins 185

The Role of Biological Factors in the Development of Behaviour 185

Obstacles to Research on the Role of Biological Factors Implicated in Crime 186

Generalizing Results from One Society to Another 186

Biological States and Factors Directly Related to Criminal Behaviour 187

Biological Factors Indirectly Related to Criminal Behaviour 188

Two Theories of the Role of Biological Factors in Determining Criminal Behaviour 199

Biological Factors Implicated in Psychopathy 200

Major Mental Disorder 203

Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Dependence 204

Conclusion 204

Summary 205

Bibliography 207

Further Reading 212

CHAPTER 8 PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINALITY&David N. Cox and Ronald Roesch 213

Psychoanalytic Theory 215

Theories of Moral Development 217

Antisocial Personality 224

Crime and Mental Illness 229

Summary 232

Bibliography 232

Further Reading 236

CHAPTER 9 STRAIN THEORIES&James C. Hackler 239

The Structural-Functionalist Foundations 239

Opportunity Structures 244

Empirical Evidence for the Theory of Illegitimate Opportunity Structures 249

Assessing Functionalist and Opportunity Theories 254

Heuristic Uses of Strain Theory 256

Policy Implications 260

Conclusion and Summary 262

Bibliography 263

Further Reading 265

CHAPTER 10 CONFLICT AND MARXIST THEORIES&Ronald Hinch 267

Cultural Conflict Theories 267

Group Conflict Theory 270

Weberian Conflict Theory 272

Marxist Theories 277

Conclusion 287

Summary 287

Bibliography 288

Further Reading 291

CHAPTER 11 INTERACTIONIST THEORIES&Robert A. Stebbins 293

The Deviant Career 294

Socialization into Crime 306

Limitations 307

Implications 309

Summary 310

Bibliography 311

Further Reading 313

CHAPTER 12 SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY&Rick Linden 315

Theories of Social Disorganization--Durkheim, Thrasher, and Shaw and McKay 315

Early Social Control Theories--Reiss, Nye, and Reckless 318

Hirschi and the Social Bond 321

Family Relationships 323

Schooling 325

Religiosity 326

Female Criminality 328

Criticisms of Social Control Theory 329

Policy Implications of Control Theory 338

The Schools and Social Policy 341

The Need for Social Change 343

Summary 343

Bibliography 344

Further Reading 348

PART Ⅲ: PATTERNS OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR 351

CHAPTER 13 CONVENTIONAL CRIME&DanieI J. Koenig 351

The Lifestyle/Exposure, Routine Activities Approach 351

Patterns of Specific Crimes 355

Murder and Other Criminal Homicides 355

Assaultive Behaviours 359

Robbery 370

Break and Enter 374

Other Offences 376

What Can Be Done? 378

Summary 383

Bibliography 384

Further Reading 387

CHAPTER 14 ORGANIZED CRIME&Rodney T. Stamler 389

What Is Organized Crime? 389

Who Is Involved in Organized Crime? 394

Major Crime Groups in Canada 394

The Nature of Organized Crime Activity 405

The Nature of Consensual Crime Activity 408

Money Laundering Schemes 409

Controlling Organized Crime 413

National Criminal Laws and Procedures 415

International Co-operation 415

Summary 416

Bibliography 416

Further Reading 417

CHAPTER 15 POLITICAL CRIME IN CANADA&Raymond R. Corrado 419

Multiple Perspectives on Political Crime in Canada 419

The Conceptualization of Political Crime 419

Examining Political Crime in Canada 422

Theoretical Perspectives on Political Crime 423

Examples of Political Crime in Canada and Theoretical Interpretations 427

Corruption in the Political Process 439

Summary 446

Bibliography 447

Further Reading 449

CHAPTER 16 WHITE-COLLAR AND CORPORATE CRIME&John Hagan 451

Class, Crime, and the Corporations 451

White-Collar Crime and the Social Organization of Work 456

White-Collar Crime and Legal Sanctions 462

Summary 468

Bibliography 469

Further Reading 472

INDEX 475

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